rust-postgres/src/lib.rs
2014-12-23 12:10:16 -05:00

1825 lines
58 KiB
Rust

//! Rust-Postgres is a pure-Rust frontend for the popular PostgreSQL database. It
//! exposes a high level interface in the vein of JDBC or Go's `database/sql`
//! package.
//!
//! ```rust,no_run
//! extern crate postgres;
//! extern crate time;
//!
//! use time::Timespec;
//!
//! use postgres::{Connection, SslMode};
//!
//! struct Person {
//! id: i32,
//! name: String,
//! time_created: Timespec,
//! data: Option<Vec<u8>>
//! }
//!
//! fn main() {
//! let conn = Connection::connect("postgresql://postgres@localhost", &SslMode::None)
//! .unwrap();
//!
//! conn.execute("CREATE TABLE person (
//! id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
//! name VARCHAR NOT NULL,
//! time_created TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
//! data BYTEA
//! )", &[]).unwrap();
//! let me = Person {
//! id: 0,
//! name: "Steven".to_string(),
//! time_created: time::get_time(),
//! data: None
//! };
//! conn.execute("INSERT INTO person (name, time_created, data) VALUES ($1, $2, $3)",
//! &[&me.name, &me.time_created, &me.data]).unwrap();
//!
//! let stmt = conn.prepare("SELECT id, name, time_created, data FROM person")
//! .unwrap();
//! for row in stmt.query(&[]).unwrap() {
//! let person = Person {
//! id: row.get(0),
//! name: row.get(1),
//! time_created: row.get(2),
//! data: row.get(3)
//! };
//! println!("Found person {}", person.name);
//! }
//! }
//! ```
#![doc(html_root_url="https://sfackler.github.io/doc")]
#![feature(globs, macro_rules, phase, unsafe_destructor, slicing_syntax, default_type_params)]
#![warn(missing_docs)]
#[phase(plugin, link)]
extern crate log;
extern crate openssl;
extern crate phf;
#[phase(plugin)]
extern crate phf_mac;
extern crate "rustc-serialize" as serialize;
extern crate time;
use openssl::crypto::hash::{HashType, Hasher};
use openssl::ssl::{SslContext, MaybeSslStream};
use serialize::hex::ToHex;
use std::borrow::ToOwned;
use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
use std::cmp::max;
use std::collections::{RingBuf, HashMap};
use std::fmt;
use std::io::{BufferedStream, IoResult, IoError, IoErrorKind};
use std::io::net::ip::Port;
use std::iter::IteratorCloneExt;
use std::mem;
use std::result;
use std::time::Duration;
use url::Url;
pub use error::{Error, ConnectError, SqlState, DbError, ErrorPosition};
#[doc(inline)]
pub use types::{Oid, Type, ToSql, FromSql};
use io::{InternalStream, Timeout};
use message::BackendMessage::*;
use message::FrontendMessage::*;
use message::{FrontendMessage, BackendMessage, RowDescriptionEntry};
use message::{WriteMessage, ReadMessage};
#[macro_escape]
mod macros;
mod error;
mod io;
mod message;
mod url;
mod util;
pub mod types;
const CANARY: u32 = 0xdeadbeef;
const TYPENAME_QUERY: &'static str = "t";
/// A type alias of the result returned by many methods.
pub type Result<T> = result::Result<T, Error>;
/// Specifies the target server to connect to.
#[deriving(Clone)]
pub enum ConnectTarget {
/// Connect via TCP to the specified host.
Tcp(String),
/// Connect via a Unix domain socket in the specified directory.
Unix(Path)
}
/// Authentication information
#[deriving(Clone)]
pub struct UserInfo {
/// The username
pub user: String,
/// An optional password
pub password: Option<String>,
}
/// Information necessary to open a new connection to a Postgres server.
#[deriving(Clone)]
pub struct ConnectParams {
/// The target server
pub target: ConnectTarget,
/// The target port.
///
/// Defaults to 5432 if not specified.
pub port: Option<Port>,
/// The user to login as.
///
/// `Connection::connect` requires a user but `cancel_query` does not.
pub user: Option<UserInfo>,
/// The database to connect to. Defaults the value of `user`.
pub database: Option<String>,
/// Runtime parameters to be passed to the Postgres backend.
pub options: Vec<(String, String)>,
}
/// A trait implemented by types that can be converted into a `ConnectParams`.
pub trait IntoConnectParams {
/// Converts the value of `self` into a `ConnectParams`.
fn into_connect_params(self) -> result::Result<ConnectParams, ConnectError>;
}
impl IntoConnectParams for ConnectParams {
fn into_connect_params(self) -> result::Result<ConnectParams, ConnectError> {
Ok(self)
}
}
impl<'a> IntoConnectParams for &'a str {
fn into_connect_params(self) -> result::Result<ConnectParams, ConnectError> {
match Url::parse(self) {
Ok(url) => url.into_connect_params(),
Err(err) => return Err(ConnectError::InvalidUrl(err)),
}
}
}
impl IntoConnectParams for Url {
fn into_connect_params(self) -> result::Result<ConnectParams, ConnectError> {
let Url {
host,
port,
user,
path: url::Path { path, query: options, .. },
..
} = self;
let maybe_path = try!(url::decode_component(&*host).map_err(ConnectError::InvalidUrl));
let target = if maybe_path.starts_with("/") {
ConnectTarget::Unix(Path::new(maybe_path))
} else {
ConnectTarget::Tcp(host)
};
let user = user.map(|url::UserInfo { user, pass }| {
UserInfo { user: user, password: pass }
});
// path contains the leading /
let database = path.slice_shift_char().map(|(_, path)| path.to_owned());
Ok(ConnectParams {
target: target,
port: port,
user: user,
database: database,
options: options,
})
}
}
/// Trait for types that can handle Postgres notice messages
pub trait NoticeHandler: Send {
/// Handle a Postgres notice message
fn handle(&mut self, notice: DbError);
}
/// A notice handler which logs at the `info` level.
///
/// This is the default handler used by a `Connection`.
#[deriving(Copy)]
pub struct DefaultNoticeHandler;
impl NoticeHandler for DefaultNoticeHandler {
fn handle(&mut self, notice: DbError) {
info!("{}: {}", notice.severity, notice.message);
}
}
/// An asynchronous notification
pub struct Notification {
/// The process ID of the notifying backend process
pub pid: u32,
/// The name of the channel that the notify has been raised on
pub channel: String,
/// The "payload" string passed from the notifying process
pub payload: String,
}
/// An iterator over asynchronous notifications
pub struct Notifications<'conn> {
conn: &'conn Connection
}
impl<'conn> Iterator<Notification> for Notifications<'conn> {
/// Returns the oldest pending notification or `None` if there are none.
///
/// ## Note
///
/// `next` may return `Some` notification after returning `None` if a new
/// notification was received.
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Notification> {
self.conn.conn.borrow_mut().notifications.pop_front()
}
}
impl<'conn> Notifications<'conn> {
/// Returns the oldest pending notification.
///
/// If no notifications are pending, blocks until one arrives.
pub fn next_block(&mut self) -> Result<Notification> {
if let Some(notification) = self.next() {
return Ok(notification);
}
let mut conn = self.conn.conn.borrow_mut();
check_desync!(conn);
match try!(conn.read_message_with_notification()) {
NotificationResponse { pid, channel, payload } => {
Ok(Notification {
pid: pid,
channel: channel,
payload: payload
})
}
_ => unreachable!()
}
}
/// Returns the oldest pending notification
///
/// If no notifications are pending, blocks for up to `timeout` time, after
/// which an `IoError` with the `TimedOut` kind is returned.
///
/// ## Example
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// use std::io::{IoError, IoErrorKind};
/// use std::time::Duration;
///
/// use postgres::Error;
///
/// # let conn = postgres::Connection::connect("", &postgres::SslMode::None).unwrap();
/// match conn.notifications().next_block_for(Duration::seconds(2)) {
/// Ok(notification) => println!("notification: {}", notification.payload),
/// Err(Error::IoError(IoError { kind: IoErrorKind::TimedOut, .. })) => {
/// println!("Wait for notification timed out");
/// }
/// Err(e) => println!("Other error: {}", e),
/// }
/// ```
pub fn next_block_for(&mut self, timeout: Duration) -> Result<Notification> {
fn now() -> i64 {
(time::precise_time_ns() / 100_000) as i64
}
if let Some(notification) = self.next() {
return Ok(notification);
}
let mut conn = self.conn.conn.borrow_mut();
check_desync!(conn);
let end = now() + timeout.num_milliseconds();
loop {
let timeout = max(0, end - now()) as u64;
conn.stream.set_read_timeout(Some(timeout));
match conn.read_one_message() {
Ok(Some(NotificationResponse { pid, channel, payload })) => {
return Ok(Notification {
pid: pid,
channel: channel,
payload: payload
})
}
Ok(Some(_)) => unreachable!(),
Ok(None) => {}
Err(e @ IoError { kind: IoErrorKind::TimedOut, .. }) => {
conn.desynchronized = false;
return Err(Error::IoError(e));
}
Err(e) => return Err(Error::IoError(e)),
}
}
}
}
/// Contains information necessary to cancel queries for a session
#[deriving(Copy)]
pub struct CancelData {
/// The process ID of the session
pub process_id: u32,
/// The secret key for the session
pub secret_key: u32,
}
/// Attempts to cancel an in-progress query.
///
/// The backend provides no information about whether a cancellation attempt
/// was successful or not. An error will only be returned if the driver was
/// unable to connect to the database.
///
/// A `CancelData` object can be created via `Connection::cancel_data`. The
/// object can cancel any query made on that connection.
///
/// Only the host and port of the connection info are used. See
/// `Connection::connect` for details of the `params` argument.
///
/// ## Example
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// # use postgres::{Connection, SslMode};
/// # use std::thread::Thread;
/// # let url = "";
/// let conn = Connection::connect(url, &SslMode::None).unwrap();
/// let cancel_data = conn.cancel_data();
/// Thread::spawn(move || {
/// conn.execute("SOME EXPENSIVE QUERY", &[]).unwrap();
/// }).detach();
/// # let _ =
/// postgres::cancel_query(url, &SslMode::None, cancel_data);
/// ```
pub fn cancel_query<T>(params: T, ssl: &SslMode, data: CancelData)
-> result::Result<(), ConnectError> where T: IntoConnectParams {
let params = try!(params.into_connect_params());
let mut socket = try!(io::initialize_stream(&params, ssl));
try!(socket.write_message(&CancelRequest {
code: message::CANCEL_CODE,
process_id: data.process_id,
secret_key: data.secret_key
}));
try!(socket.flush());
Ok(())
}
struct InnerConnection {
stream: BufferedStream<MaybeSslStream<InternalStream>>,
next_stmt_id: uint,
notice_handler: Box<NoticeHandler>,
notifications: RingBuf<Notification>,
cancel_data: CancelData,
unknown_types: HashMap<Oid, String>,
desynchronized: bool,
finished: bool,
trans_depth: u32,
canary: u32,
}
impl Drop for InnerConnection {
fn drop(&mut self) {
if !self.finished {
let _ = self.finish_inner();
}
}
}
impl InnerConnection {
fn connect<T>(params: T, ssl: &SslMode) -> result::Result<InnerConnection, ConnectError>
where T: IntoConnectParams {
let params = try!(params.into_connect_params());
let stream = try!(io::initialize_stream(&params, ssl));
let ConnectParams { user, database, mut options, .. } = params;
let user = try!(user.ok_or(ConnectError::MissingUser));
let mut conn = InnerConnection {
stream: BufferedStream::new(stream),
next_stmt_id: 0,
notice_handler: box DefaultNoticeHandler,
notifications: RingBuf::new(),
cancel_data: CancelData { process_id: 0, secret_key: 0 },
unknown_types: HashMap::new(),
desynchronized: false,
finished: false,
trans_depth: 0,
canary: CANARY,
};
options.push(("client_encoding".to_owned(), "UTF8".to_owned()));
// Postgres uses the value of TimeZone as the time zone for TIMESTAMP
// WITH TIME ZONE values. Timespec converts to GMT internally.
options.push(("TimeZone".to_owned(), "GMT".to_owned()));
// We have to clone here since we need the user again for auth
options.push(("user".to_owned(), user.user.clone()));
if let Some(database) = database {
options.push(("database".to_owned(), database));
}
try!(conn.write_messages(&[StartupMessage {
version: message::PROTOCOL_VERSION,
parameters: &*options
}]));
try!(conn.handle_auth(user));
loop {
match try!(conn.read_message()) {
BackendKeyData { process_id, secret_key } => {
conn.cancel_data.process_id = process_id;
conn.cancel_data.secret_key = secret_key;
}
ReadyForQuery { .. } => break,
ErrorResponse { fields } => return DbError::new_connect(fields),
_ => return Err(ConnectError::BadResponse),
}
}
match conn.raw_prepare(TYPENAME_QUERY,
"SELECT typname FROM pg_catalog.pg_type WHERE oid = $1") {
Ok(..) => {}
Err(Error::IoError(e)) => return Err(ConnectError::IoError(e)),
Err(Error::DbError(e)) => return Err(ConnectError::DbError(e)),
_ => unreachable!()
}
Ok(conn)
}
fn write_messages(&mut self, messages: &[FrontendMessage]) -> IoResult<()> {
debug_assert!(!self.desynchronized);
for message in messages.iter() {
try_desync!(self, self.stream.write_message(message));
}
Ok(try_desync!(self, self.stream.flush()))
}
fn read_one_message(&mut self) -> IoResult<Option<BackendMessage>> {
debug_assert!(!self.desynchronized);
match try_desync!(self, self.stream.read_message()) {
NoticeResponse { fields } => {
if let Ok(err) = DbError::new_raw(fields) {
self.notice_handler.handle(err);
}
Ok(None)
}
ParameterStatus { parameter, value } => {
debug!("Parameter {} = {}", parameter, value);
Ok(None)
}
val => Ok(Some(val))
}
}
fn read_message_with_notification(&mut self) -> IoResult<BackendMessage> {
loop {
if let Some(msg) = try!(self.read_one_message()) {
return Ok(msg);
}
}
}
fn read_message(&mut self) -> IoResult<BackendMessage> {
loop {
match try!(self.read_message_with_notification()) {
NotificationResponse { pid, channel, payload } => {
self.notifications.push_back(Notification {
pid: pid,
channel: channel,
payload: payload
})
}
val => return Ok(val)
}
}
}
fn handle_auth(&mut self, user: UserInfo) -> result::Result<(), ConnectError> {
match try!(self.read_message()) {
AuthenticationOk => return Ok(()),
AuthenticationCleartextPassword => {
let pass = try!(user.password.ok_or(ConnectError::MissingPassword));
try!(self.write_messages(&[PasswordMessage {
password: &*pass,
}]));
}
AuthenticationMD5Password { salt } => {
let pass = try!(user.password.ok_or(ConnectError::MissingPassword));
let mut hasher = Hasher::new(HashType::MD5);
hasher.update(pass.as_bytes());
hasher.update(user.user.as_bytes());
let output = hasher.finalize().to_hex();
let mut hasher = Hasher::new(HashType::MD5);
hasher.update(output.as_bytes());
hasher.update(&salt);
let output = format!("md5{}", hasher.finalize().to_hex());
try!(self.write_messages(&[PasswordMessage {
password: &*output
}]));
}
AuthenticationKerberosV5
| AuthenticationSCMCredential
| AuthenticationGSS
| AuthenticationSSPI => return Err(ConnectError::UnsupportedAuthentication),
ErrorResponse { fields } => return DbError::new_connect(fields),
_ => return Err(ConnectError::BadResponse)
}
match try!(self.read_message()) {
AuthenticationOk => Ok(()),
ErrorResponse { fields } => return DbError::new_connect(fields),
_ => return Err(ConnectError::BadResponse)
}
}
fn set_notice_handler(&mut self, handler: Box<NoticeHandler>) -> Box<NoticeHandler> {
mem::replace(&mut self.notice_handler, handler)
}
fn raw_prepare(&mut self, stmt_name: &str, query: &str)
-> Result<(Vec<Type>, Vec<ResultDescription>)> {
try!(self.write_messages(&[
Parse {
name: stmt_name,
query: query,
param_types: &[]
},
Describe {
variant: b'S',
name: stmt_name,
},
Sync]));
match try!(self.read_message()) {
ParseComplete => {}
ErrorResponse { fields } => {
try!(self.wait_for_ready());
return DbError::new(fields);
}
_ => bad_response!(self),
}
let mut param_types: Vec<_> = match try!(self.read_message()) {
ParameterDescription { types } => {
types.into_iter().map(Type::from_oid).collect()
}
_ => bad_response!(self),
};
let mut result_desc: Vec<_> = match try!(self.read_message()) {
RowDescription { descriptions } => {
descriptions.into_iter().map(|RowDescriptionEntry { name, type_oid, .. }| {
ResultDescription {
name: name,
ty: Type::from_oid(type_oid)
}
}).collect()
}
NoData => vec![],
_ => bad_response!(self)
};
try!(self.wait_for_ready());
// now that the connection is ready again, get unknown type names,
try!(self.set_type_names(param_types.iter_mut()));
// An empty statement name means we're calling execute, so we don't
// care about result types
if stmt_name != "" {
try!(self.set_type_names(result_desc.iter_mut().map(|d| &mut d.ty)));
}
Ok((param_types, result_desc))
}
fn make_stmt_name(&mut self) -> String {
let stmt_name = format!("s{}", self.next_stmt_id);
self.next_stmt_id += 1;
stmt_name
}
fn prepare<'a>(&mut self, query: &str, conn: &'a Connection) -> Result<Statement<'a>> {
let stmt_name = self.make_stmt_name();
let (param_types, result_desc) = try!(self.raw_prepare(&*stmt_name, query));
Ok(Statement {
conn: conn,
name: stmt_name,
param_types: param_types,
result_desc: result_desc,
next_portal_id: Cell::new(0),
finished: false,
})
}
fn prepare_copy_in<'a>(&mut self, table: &str, rows: &[&str], conn: &'a Connection)
-> Result<CopyInStatement<'a>> {
let mut query = vec![];
let _ = write!(&mut query, "SELECT ");
let _ = util::comma_join(&mut query, rows.iter().cloned());
let _ = write!(&mut query, " FROM {}", table);
let query = String::from_utf8(query).unwrap();
let (_, result_desc) = try!(self.raw_prepare("", &*query));
let column_types = result_desc.into_iter().map(|desc| desc.ty).collect();
let mut query = vec![];
let _ = write!(&mut query, "COPY {} (", table);
let _ = util::comma_join(&mut query, rows.iter().cloned());
let _ = write!(&mut query, ") FROM STDIN WITH (FORMAT binary)");
let query = String::from_utf8(query).unwrap();
let stmt_name = self.make_stmt_name();
try!(self.raw_prepare(&*stmt_name, &*query));
Ok(CopyInStatement {
conn: conn,
name: stmt_name,
column_types: column_types,
finished: false,
})
}
fn close_statement(&mut self, name: &str, type_: u8) -> Result<()> {
try!(self.write_messages(&[
Close {
variant: type_,
name: name,
},
Sync]));
let resp = match try!(self.read_message()) {
CloseComplete => Ok(()),
ErrorResponse { fields } => DbError::new(fields),
_ => bad_response!(self)
};
try!(self.wait_for_ready());
resp
}
fn set_type_names<'a, I>(&mut self, mut it: I) -> Result<()> where I: Iterator<&'a mut Type> {
for ty in it {
if let &Type::Unknown { oid, ref mut name } = ty {
*name = try!(self.get_type_name(oid));
}
}
Ok(())
}
fn get_type_name(&mut self, oid: Oid) -> Result<String> {
if let Some(name) = self.unknown_types.get(&oid) {
return Ok(name.clone());
}
// Ew @ doing this manually :(
try!(self.write_messages(&[
Bind {
portal: "",
statement: TYPENAME_QUERY,
formats: &[1],
values: &[try!(oid.to_sql(&Type::Oid))],
result_formats: &[1]
},
Execute {
portal: "",
max_rows: 0,
},
Sync]));
match try!(self.read_message()) {
BindComplete => {}
ErrorResponse { fields } => {
try!(self.wait_for_ready());
return DbError::new(fields);
}
_ => bad_response!(self)
}
let name: String = match try!(self.read_message()) {
DataRow { row } => try!(FromSql::from_sql(&Type::Name, row[0].as_ref().map(|r| &**r))),
ErrorResponse { fields } => {
try!(self.wait_for_ready());
return DbError::new(fields);
}
_ => bad_response!(self)
};
match try!(self.read_message()) {
CommandComplete { .. } => {}
ErrorResponse { fields } => {
try!(self.wait_for_ready());
return DbError::new(fields);
}
_ => bad_response!(self)
}
try!(self.wait_for_ready());
self.unknown_types.insert(oid, name.clone());
Ok(name)
}
fn is_desynchronized(&self) -> bool {
self.desynchronized
}
fn canary(&self) -> u32 {
self.canary
}
fn wait_for_ready(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
match try!(self.read_message()) {
ReadyForQuery { .. } => Ok(()),
_ => bad_response!(self)
}
}
fn quick_query(&mut self, query: &str) -> Result<Vec<Vec<Option<String>>>> {
check_desync!(self);
try!(self.write_messages(&[Query { query: query }]));
let mut result = vec![];
loop {
match try!(self.read_message()) {
ReadyForQuery { .. } => break,
DataRow { row } => {
result.push(row.into_iter().map(|opt| {
opt.map(|b| String::from_utf8_lossy(&*b).into_owned())
}).collect());
}
CopyInResponse { .. } => {
try!(self.write_messages(&[
CopyFail {
message: "COPY queries cannot be directly executed",
},
Sync]));
}
ErrorResponse { fields } => {
try!(self.wait_for_ready());
return DbError::new(fields);
}
_ => {}
}
}
Ok(result)
}
fn finish_inner(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
check_desync!(self);
self.canary = 0;
try!(self.write_messages(&[Terminate]));
Ok(())
}
}
/// A connection to a Postgres database.
pub struct Connection {
conn: RefCell<InnerConnection>
}
impl Connection {
/// Creates a new connection to a Postgres database.
///
/// Most applications can use a URL string in the normal format:
///
/// ```notrust
/// postgresql://user[:password]@host[:port][/database][?param1=val1[[&param2=val2]...]]
/// ```
///
/// The password may be omitted if not required. The default Postgres port
/// (5432) is used if none is specified. The database name defaults to the
/// username if not specified.
///
/// To connect to the server via Unix sockets, `host` should be set to the
/// absolute path of the directory containing the socket file. Since `/` is
/// a reserved character in URLs, the path should be URL encoded. If the
/// path contains non-UTF 8 characters, a `ConnectParams` struct
/// should be created manually and passed in. Note that Postgres does not
/// support SSL over Unix sockets.
///
/// ## Examples
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// # use postgres::{Connection, SslMode};
/// # let _ = || {
/// let url = "postgresql://postgres:hunter2@localhost:2994/foodb";
/// let conn = try!(Connection::connect(url, &SslMode::None));
/// # Ok(()) };
/// ```
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// # use postgres::{Connection, SslMode};
/// # let _ = || {
/// let url = "postgresql://postgres@%2Frun%2Fpostgres";
/// let conn = try!(Connection::connect(url, &SslMode::None));
/// # Ok(()) };
/// ```
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// # use postgres::{Connection, UserInfo, ConnectParams, SslMode, ConnectTarget};
/// # let _ = || {
/// # let some_crazy_path = Path::new("");
/// let params = ConnectParams {
/// target: ConnectTarget::Unix(some_crazy_path),
/// port: None,
/// user: Some(UserInfo {
/// user: "postgres".to_string(),
/// password: None
/// }),
/// database: None,
/// options: vec![],
/// };
/// let conn = try!(Connection::connect(params, &SslMode::None));
/// # Ok(()) };
/// ```
pub fn connect<T>(params: T, ssl: &SslMode) -> result::Result<Connection, ConnectError>
where T: IntoConnectParams {
InnerConnection::connect(params, ssl).map(|conn| {
Connection { conn: RefCell::new(conn) }
})
}
/// Sets the notice handler for the connection, returning the old handler.
pub fn set_notice_handler(&self, handler: Box<NoticeHandler>) -> Box<NoticeHandler> {
self.conn.borrow_mut().set_notice_handler(handler)
}
/// Returns an iterator over asynchronous notification messages.
///
/// Use the `LISTEN` command to register this connection for notifications.
pub fn notifications<'a>(&'a self) -> Notifications<'a> {
Notifications { conn: self }
}
/// Creates a new prepared statement.
///
/// A statement may contain parameters, specified by `$n` where `n` is the
/// index of the parameter in the list provided at execution time,
/// 1-indexed.
///
/// The statement is associated with the connection that created it and may
/// not outlive that connection.
///
/// ## Example
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// # use postgres::{Connection, SslMode};
/// # let conn = Connection::connect("", &SslMode::None).unwrap();
/// let maybe_stmt = conn.prepare("SELECT foo FROM bar WHERE baz = $1");
/// let stmt = match maybe_stmt {
/// Ok(stmt) => stmt,
/// Err(err) => panic!("Error preparing statement: {}", err)
/// };
pub fn prepare<'a>(&'a self, query: &str) -> Result<Statement<'a>> {
let mut conn = self.conn.borrow_mut();
if conn.trans_depth != 0 {
return Err(Error::WrongTransaction);
}
conn.prepare(query, self)
}
/// Creates a new COPY FROM STDIN prepared statement.
///
/// These statements provide a method to efficiently bulk-upload data to
/// the database.
///
/// ## Example
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// # use postgres::{Connection, SslMode};
/// # use postgres::types::ToSql;
/// # let _ = || {
/// # let conn = Connection::connect("", &SslMode::None).unwrap();
/// try!(conn.execute("CREATE TABLE foo (
/// bar INT PRIMARY KEY,
/// baz VARCHAR
/// )", &[]));
///
/// let stmt = try!(conn.prepare_copy_in("foo", &["bar", "baz"]));
/// let data: &[&[&ToSql]] = &[&[&0i32, &"blah"],
/// &[&1i32, &None::<String>]];
/// try!(stmt.execute(data.iter().map(|r| r.iter().map(|&e| e))));
/// # Ok(()) };
/// ```
pub fn prepare_copy_in<'a>(&'a self, table: &str, rows: &[&str])
-> Result<CopyInStatement<'a>> {
let mut conn = self.conn.borrow_mut();
if conn.trans_depth != 0 {
return Err(Error::WrongTransaction);
}
conn.prepare_copy_in(table, rows, self)
}
/// Begins a new transaction.
///
/// Returns a `Transaction` object which should be used instead of
/// the connection for the duration of the transaction. The transaction
/// is active until the `Transaction` object falls out of scope.
///
/// ## Note
/// A transaction will roll back by default. The `set_commit`,
/// `set_rollback`, and `commit` methods alter this behavior.
///
/// ## Example
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// # use postgres::{Connection, SslMode};
/// # fn foo() -> Result<(), postgres::Error> {
/// # let conn = Connection::connect("", &SslMode::None).unwrap();
/// let trans = try!(conn.transaction());
/// try!(trans.execute("UPDATE foo SET bar = 10", &[]));
/// // ...
///
/// try!(trans.commit());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
pub fn transaction<'a>(&'a self) -> Result<Transaction<'a>> {
let mut conn = self.conn.borrow_mut();
check_desync!(conn);
if conn.trans_depth != 0 {
return Err(Error::WrongTransaction);
}
try!(conn.quick_query("BEGIN"));
conn.trans_depth += 1;
Ok(Transaction {
conn: self,
commit: Cell::new(false),
depth: 1,
finished: false,
})
}
/// A convenience function for queries that are only run once.
///
/// If an error is returned, it could have come from either the preparation
/// or execution of the statement.
///
/// On success, returns the number of rows modified or 0 if not applicable.
pub fn execute(&self, query: &str, params: &[&ToSql]) -> Result<uint> {
let (param_types, result_desc) = try!(self.conn.borrow_mut().raw_prepare("", query));
let stmt = Statement {
conn: self,
name: "".to_owned(),
param_types: param_types,
result_desc: result_desc,
next_portal_id: Cell::new(0),
finished: true, // << !!
};
stmt.execute(params)
}
/// Execute a sequence of SQL statements.
///
/// Statements should be separated by `;` characters. If an error occurs,
/// execution of the sequence will stop at that point. This is intended for
/// execution of batches of non-dynamic statements - for example, creation
/// of a schema for a fresh database.
///
/// ## Warning
///
/// Prepared statements should be used for any SQL statement which contains
/// user-specified data, as it provides functionality to safely embed that
/// data in the statment. Do not form statements via string concatenation
/// and feed them into this method.
///
/// ## Example
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// # use postgres::{Connection, Result};
/// fn init_db(conn: &Connection) -> Result<()> {
/// conn.batch_execute("
/// CREATE TABLE person (
/// id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
/// name NOT NULL
/// );
///
/// CREATE TABLE purchase (
/// id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
/// person INT NOT NULL REFERENCES person (id),
/// time TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
/// );
///
/// CREATE INDEX ON purchase (time);
/// ")
/// }
/// ```
pub fn batch_execute(&self, query: &str) -> Result<()> {
let mut conn = self.conn.borrow_mut();
if conn.trans_depth != 0 {
return Err(Error::WrongTransaction);
}
conn.quick_query(query).map(|_| ())
}
/// Returns information used to cancel pending queries.
///
/// Used with the `cancel_query` function. The object returned can be used
/// to cancel any query executed by the connection it was created from.
pub fn cancel_data(&self) -> CancelData {
self.conn.borrow().cancel_data
}
/// Returns whether or not the stream has been desynchronized due to an
/// error in the communication channel with the server.
///
/// If this has occurred, all further queries will immediately return an
/// error.
pub fn is_desynchronized(&self) -> bool {
self.conn.borrow().is_desynchronized()
}
/// Consumes the connection, closing it.
///
/// Functionally equivalent to the `Drop` implementation for `Connection`
/// except that it returns any error encountered to the caller.
pub fn finish(self) -> Result<()> {
let mut conn = self.conn.borrow_mut();
conn.finished = true;
conn.finish_inner()
}
fn canary(&self) -> u32 {
self.conn.borrow().canary()
}
fn write_messages(&self, messages: &[FrontendMessage]) -> IoResult<()> {
self.conn.borrow_mut().write_messages(messages)
}
}
/// Specifies the SSL support requested for a new connection
pub enum SslMode {
/// The connection will not use SSL
None,
/// The connection will use SSL if the backend supports it
Prefer(SslContext),
/// The connection must use SSL
Require(SslContext)
}
/// Represents a transaction on a database connection.
///
/// The transaction will roll back by default.
pub struct Transaction<'conn> {
conn: &'conn Connection,
commit: Cell<bool>,
depth: u32,
finished: bool,
}
#[unsafe_destructor]
impl<'conn> Drop for Transaction<'conn> {
fn drop(&mut self) {
if !self.finished {
let _ = self.finish_inner();
}
}
}
impl<'conn> Transaction<'conn> {
fn finish_inner(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
let mut conn = self.conn.conn.borrow_mut();
debug_assert!(self.depth == conn.trans_depth);
let query = match (self.commit.get(), self.depth != 1) {
(false, true) => "ROLLBACK TO sp",
(false, false) => "ROLLBACK",
(true, true) => "RELEASE sp",
(true, false) => "COMMIT",
};
conn.trans_depth -= 1;
conn.quick_query(query).map(|_| ())
}
/// Like `Connection::prepare`.
pub fn prepare(&self, query: &str) -> Result<Statement<'conn>> {
self.conn.conn.borrow_mut().prepare(query, self.conn)
}
/// Like `Connection::prepare_copy_in`.
pub fn prepare_copy_in(&self, table: &str, cols: &[&str]) -> Result<CopyInStatement<'conn>> {
self.conn.conn.borrow_mut().prepare_copy_in(table, cols, self.conn)
}
/// Like `Connection::execute`.
pub fn execute(&self, query: &str, params: &[&ToSql]) -> Result<uint> {
self.conn.execute(query, params)
}
/// Like `Connection::batch_execute`.
pub fn batch_execute(&self, query: &str) -> Result<()> {
self.conn.conn.borrow_mut().quick_query(query).map(|_| ())
}
/// Like `Connection::transaction`.
pub fn transaction<'a>(&'a self) -> Result<Transaction<'a>> {
let mut conn = self.conn.conn.borrow_mut();
check_desync!(conn);
if conn.trans_depth != self.depth {
return Err(Error::WrongTransaction);
}
try!(conn.quick_query("SAVEPOINT sp"));
conn.trans_depth += 1;
Ok(Transaction {
conn: self.conn,
commit: Cell::new(false),
depth: self.depth + 1,
finished: false,
})
}
/// Executes a prepared statement, returning a lazily loaded iterator over
/// the resulting rows.
///
/// No more than `row_limit` rows will be stored in memory at a time. Rows
/// will be pulled from the database in batches of `row_limit` as needed.
/// If `row_limit` is less than or equal to 0, `lazy_query` is equivalent
/// to `query`.
pub fn lazy_query<'trans, 'stmt>(&'trans self,
stmt: &'stmt Statement,
params: &[&ToSql],
row_limit: i32)
-> Result<LazyRows<'trans, 'stmt>> {
if self.conn as *const _ != stmt.conn as *const _ {
return Err(Error::WrongConnection);
}
let conn = self.conn.conn.borrow();
check_desync!(conn);
if conn.trans_depth != self.depth {
return Err(Error::WrongTransaction);
}
drop(conn);
stmt.lazy_query(row_limit, params).map(|result| {
LazyRows {
_trans: self,
result: result
}
})
}
/// Determines if the transaction is currently set to commit or roll back.
pub fn will_commit(&self) -> bool {
self.commit.get()
}
/// Sets the transaction to commit at its completion.
pub fn set_commit(&self) {
self.commit.set(true);
}
/// Sets the transaction to roll back at its completion.
pub fn set_rollback(&self) {
self.commit.set(false);
}
/// A convenience method which consumes and commits a transaction.
pub fn commit(self) -> Result<()> {
self.set_commit();
self.finish()
}
/// Consumes the transaction, commiting or rolling it back as appropriate.
///
/// Functionally equivalent to the `Drop` implementation of `Transaction`
/// except that it returns any error to the caller.
pub fn finish(mut self) -> Result<()> {
self.finished = true;
self.finish_inner()
}
}
/// A prepared statement
pub struct Statement<'conn> {
conn: &'conn Connection,
name: String,
param_types: Vec<Type>,
result_desc: Vec<ResultDescription>,
next_portal_id: Cell<uint>,
finished: bool,
}
#[unsafe_destructor]
impl<'conn> Drop for Statement<'conn> {
fn drop(&mut self) {
if !self.finished {
let _ = self.finish_inner();
}
}
}
impl<'conn> Statement<'conn> {
fn finish_inner(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
let mut conn = self.conn.conn.borrow_mut();
check_desync!(conn);
conn.close_statement(&*self.name, b'S')
}
fn inner_execute(&self, portal_name: &str, row_limit: i32, params: &[&ToSql]) -> Result<()> {
let mut conn = self.conn.conn.borrow_mut();
if self.param_types.len() != params.len() {
return Err(Error::WrongParamCount {
expected: self.param_types.len(),
actual: params.len(),
});
}
let mut values = vec![];
for (param, ty) in params.iter().zip(self.param_types.iter()) {
values.push(try!(param.to_sql(ty)));
};
try!(conn.write_messages(&[
Bind {
portal: portal_name,
statement: &*self.name,
formats: &[1],
values: &*values,
result_formats: &[1]
},
Execute {
portal: portal_name,
max_rows: row_limit
},
Sync]));
match try!(conn.read_message()) {
BindComplete => Ok(()),
ErrorResponse { fields } => {
try!(conn.wait_for_ready());
DbError::new(fields)
}
_ => {
conn.desynchronized = true;
Err(Error::BadResponse)
}
}
}
fn lazy_query<'a>(&'a self, row_limit: i32, params: &[&ToSql]) -> Result<Rows<'a>> {
let id = self.next_portal_id.get();
self.next_portal_id.set(id + 1);
let portal_name = format!("{}p{}", self.name, id);
try!(self.inner_execute(&*portal_name, row_limit, params));
let mut result = Rows {
stmt: self,
name: portal_name,
data: RingBuf::new(),
row_limit: row_limit,
more_rows: true,
finished: false,
};
try!(result.read_rows());
Ok(result)
}
/// Returns a slice containing the expected parameter types.
pub fn param_types(&self) -> &[Type] {
&*self.param_types
}
/// Returns a slice describing the columns of the result of the query.
pub fn result_descriptions(&self) -> &[ResultDescription] {
&*self.result_desc
}
/// Executes the prepared statement, returning the number of rows modified.
///
/// If the statement does not modify any rows (e.g. SELECT), 0 is returned.
///
/// ## Example
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// # use postgres::{Connection, SslMode};
/// # let conn = Connection::connect("", &SslMode::None).unwrap();
/// # let bar = 1i32;
/// # let baz = true;
/// let stmt = conn.prepare("UPDATE foo SET bar = $1 WHERE baz = $2").unwrap();
/// match stmt.execute(&[&bar, &baz]) {
/// Ok(count) => println!("{} row(s) updated", count),
/// Err(err) => println!("Error executing query: {}", err)
/// }
/// ```
pub fn execute(&self, params: &[&ToSql]) -> Result<uint> {
check_desync!(self.conn);
try!(self.inner_execute("", 0, params));
let mut conn = self.conn.conn.borrow_mut();
let num;
loop {
match try!(conn.read_message()) {
DataRow { .. } => {}
ErrorResponse { fields } => {
try!(conn.wait_for_ready());
return DbError::new(fields);
}
CommandComplete { tag } => {
num = util::parse_update_count(tag);
break;
}
EmptyQueryResponse => {
num = 0;
break;
}
CopyInResponse { .. } => {
try!(conn.write_messages(&[
CopyFail {
message: "COPY queries cannot be directly executed",
},
Sync]));
}
_ => {
conn.desynchronized = true;
return Err(Error::BadResponse);
}
}
}
try!(conn.wait_for_ready());
Ok(num)
}
/// Executes the prepared statement, returning an iterator over the
/// resulting rows.
///
/// ## Example
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// # use postgres::{Connection, SslMode};
/// # let conn = Connection::connect("", &SslMode::None).unwrap();
/// let stmt = conn.prepare("SELECT foo FROM bar WHERE baz = $1").unwrap();
/// # let baz = true;
/// let mut rows = match stmt.query(&[&baz]) {
/// Ok(rows) => rows,
/// Err(err) => panic!("Error running query: {}", err)
/// };
/// for row in rows {
/// let foo: i32 = row.get("foo");
/// println!("foo: {}", foo);
/// }
/// ```
pub fn query<'a>(&'a self, params: &[&ToSql]) -> Result<Rows<'a>> {
check_desync!(self.conn);
self.lazy_query(0, params)
}
/// Consumes the statement, clearing it from the Postgres session.
///
/// Functionally identical to the `Drop` implementation of the
/// `Statement` except that it returns any error to the caller.
pub fn finish(mut self) -> Result<()> {
self.finished = true;
self.finish_inner()
}
}
/// Information about a column of the result of a query.
#[deriving(PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct ResultDescription {
/// The name of the column
pub name: String,
/// The type of the data in the column
pub ty: Type
}
/// An iterator over the resulting rows of a query.
pub struct Rows<'stmt> {
stmt: &'stmt Statement<'stmt>,
name: String,
data: RingBuf<Vec<Option<Vec<u8>>>>,
row_limit: i32,
more_rows: bool,
finished: bool,
}
#[unsafe_destructor]
impl<'stmt> Drop for Rows<'stmt> {
fn drop(&mut self) {
if !self.finished {
let _ = self.finish_inner();
}
}
}
impl<'stmt> Rows<'stmt> {
fn finish_inner(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
let mut conn = self.stmt.conn.conn.borrow_mut();
check_desync!(conn);
conn.close_statement(&*self.name, b'P')
}
fn read_rows(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
let mut conn = self.stmt.conn.conn.borrow_mut();
loop {
match try!(conn.read_message()) {
EmptyQueryResponse | CommandComplete { .. } => {
self.more_rows = false;
break;
}
PortalSuspended => {
self.more_rows = true;
break;
}
DataRow { row } => self.data.push_back(row),
ErrorResponse { fields } => {
try!(conn.wait_for_ready());
return DbError::new(fields);
}
CopyInResponse { .. } => {
try!(conn.write_messages(&[
CopyFail {
message: "COPY queries cannot be directly executed",
},
Sync]));
}
_ => {
conn.desynchronized = true;
return Err(Error::BadResponse);
}
}
}
conn.wait_for_ready()
}
fn execute(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
try!(self.stmt.conn.write_messages(&[
Execute {
portal: &*self.name,
max_rows: self.row_limit
},
Sync]));
self.read_rows()
}
/// Returns a slice describing the columns of the `Rows`.
pub fn result_descriptions(&self) -> &'stmt [ResultDescription] {
self.stmt.result_descriptions()
}
/// Consumes the `Rows`, cleaning up associated state.
///
/// Functionally identical to the `Drop` implementation on `Rows`
/// except that it returns any error to the caller.
pub fn finish(mut self) -> Result<()> {
self.finished = true;
self.finish_inner()
}
fn try_next(&mut self) -> Option<Result<Row<'stmt>>> {
if self.data.is_empty() && self.more_rows {
if let Err(err) = self.execute() {
return Some(Err(err));
}
}
self.data.pop_front().map(|row| Ok(Row { stmt: self.stmt, data: row }))
}
}
impl<'stmt> Iterator<Row<'stmt>> for Rows<'stmt> {
#[inline]
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Row<'stmt>> {
// we'll never hit the network on a non-lazy result
self.try_next().map(|r| r.unwrap())
}
#[inline]
fn size_hint(&self) -> (uint, Option<uint>) {
let lower = self.data.len();
let upper = if self.more_rows {
None
} else {
Some(lower)
};
(lower, upper)
}
}
/// A single result row of a query.
pub struct Row<'stmt> {
stmt: &'stmt Statement<'stmt>,
data: Vec<Option<Vec<u8>>>
}
impl<'stmt> Row<'stmt> {
/// Returns the number of values in the row
pub fn len(&self) -> uint {
self.data.len()
}
/// Returns a slice describing the columns of the `Row`.
pub fn result_descriptions(&self) -> &'stmt [ResultDescription] {
self.stmt.result_descriptions()
}
/// Retrieves the contents of a field of the row.
///
/// A field can be accessed by the name or index of its column, though
/// access by index is more efficient. Rows are 0-indexed.
///
/// Returns an `Error` value if the index does not reference a column or
/// the return type is not compatible with the Postgres type.
pub fn get_opt<I, T>(&self, idx: I) -> Result<T> where I: RowIndex, T: FromSql {
let idx = try!(idx.idx(self.stmt).ok_or(Error::InvalidColumn));
FromSql::from_sql(&self.stmt.result_desc[idx].ty, self.data[idx].as_ref().map(|e| &**e))
}
/// Retrieves the contents of a field of the row.
///
/// A field can be accessed by the name or index of its column, though
/// access by index is more efficient. Rows are 0-indexed.
///
/// ## Failure
///
/// Fails if the index does not reference a column or the return type is
/// not compatible with the Postgres type.
///
/// ## Example
///
/// ```rust,no_run
/// # use postgres::{Connection, SslMode};
/// # let conn = Connection::connect("", &SslMode::None).unwrap();
/// # let stmt = conn.prepare("").unwrap();
/// # let mut result = stmt.query(&[]).unwrap();
/// # let row = result.next().unwrap();
/// let foo: i32 = row.get(0u);
/// let bar: String = row.get("bar");
/// ```
pub fn get<I, T>(&self, idx: I) -> T where I: RowIndex + fmt::Show + Clone, T: FromSql {
match self.get_opt(idx.clone()) {
Ok(ok) => ok,
Err(err) => panic!("error retrieving column {}: {}", idx, err)
}
}
}
/// A trait implemented by types that can index into columns of a row.
pub trait RowIndex {
/// Returns the index of the appropriate column, or `None` if no such
/// column exists.
fn idx(&self, stmt: &Statement) -> Option<uint>;
}
impl RowIndex for uint {
#[inline]
fn idx(&self, stmt: &Statement) -> Option<uint> {
if *self >= stmt.result_desc.len() {
None
} else {
Some(*self)
}
}
}
impl<'a> RowIndex for &'a str {
#[inline]
fn idx(&self, stmt: &Statement) -> Option<uint> {
stmt.result_descriptions().iter().position(|d| d.name == *self)
}
}
/// A lazily-loaded iterator over the resulting rows of a query
pub struct LazyRows<'trans, 'stmt> {
result: Rows<'stmt>,
_trans: &'trans Transaction<'trans>,
}
impl<'trans, 'stmt> LazyRows<'trans, 'stmt> {
/// Like `Rows::finish`.
pub fn finish(self) -> Result<()> {
self.result.finish()
}
}
impl<'trans, 'stmt> Iterator<Result<Row<'stmt>>> for LazyRows<'trans, 'stmt> {
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Result<Row<'stmt>>> {
self.result.try_next()
}
fn size_hint(&self) -> (uint, Option<uint>) {
self.result.size_hint()
}
}
/// A prepared COPY FROM STDIN statement
pub struct CopyInStatement<'a> {
conn: &'a Connection,
name: String,
column_types: Vec<Type>,
finished: bool,
}
#[unsafe_destructor]
impl<'a> Drop for CopyInStatement<'a> {
fn drop(&mut self) {
if !self.finished {
let _ = self.finish_inner();
}
}
}
impl<'a> CopyInStatement<'a> {
fn finish_inner(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
let mut conn = self.conn.conn.borrow_mut();
check_desync!(conn);
conn.close_statement(&*self.name, b'S')
}
/// Returns a slice containing the expected column types.
pub fn column_types(&self) -> &[Type] {
&*self.column_types
}
/// Executes the prepared statement.
///
/// Each iterator returned by the `rows` iterator will be interpreted as
/// providing a single result row.
///
/// Returns the number of rows copied.
pub fn execute<'b, I, J>(&self, mut rows: I) -> Result<uint>
where I: Iterator<J>, J: Iterator<&'b (ToSql + 'b)> {
let mut conn = self.conn.conn.borrow_mut();
try!(conn.write_messages(&[
Bind {
portal: "",
statement: &*self.name,
formats: &[],
values: &[],
result_formats: &[]
},
Execute {
portal: "",
max_rows: 0,
},
Sync]));
match try!(conn.read_message()) {
BindComplete => {},
ErrorResponse { fields } => {
try!(conn.wait_for_ready());
return DbError::new(fields);
}
_ => {
conn.desynchronized = true;
return Err(Error::BadResponse);
}
}
match try!(conn.read_message()) {
CopyInResponse { .. } => {}
_ => {
conn.desynchronized = true;
return Err(Error::BadResponse);
}
}
let mut buf = vec![];
let _ = buf.write(b"PGCOPY\n\xff\r\n\x00");
let _ = buf.write_be_i32(0);
let _ = buf.write_be_i32(0);
'l: for mut row in rows {
let _ = buf.write_be_i16(self.column_types.len() as i16);
let mut types = self.column_types.iter();
loop {
match (row.next(), types.next()) {
(Some(val), Some(ty)) => {
match val.to_sql(ty) {
Ok(None) => {
let _ = buf.write_be_i32(-1);
}
Ok(Some(val)) => {
let _ = buf.write_be_i32(val.len() as i32);
let _ = buf.write(&*val);
}
Err(err) => {
// FIXME this is not the right way to handle this
try_desync!(conn, conn.stream.write_message(
&CopyFail {
message: &*err.to_string(),
}));
break 'l;
}
}
}
(Some(_), None) | (None, Some(_)) => {
try_desync!(conn, conn.stream.write_message(
&CopyFail {
message: "Invalid column count",
}));
break 'l;
}
(None, None) => break
}
}
try_desync!(conn, conn.stream.write_message(
&CopyData {
data: &*buf
}));
buf.clear();
}
let _ = buf.write_be_i16(-1);
try!(conn.write_messages(&[
CopyData {
data: &*buf,
},
CopyDone,
Sync]));
let num = match try!(conn.read_message()) {
CommandComplete { tag } => util::parse_update_count(tag),
ErrorResponse { fields } => {
try!(conn.wait_for_ready());
return DbError::new(fields);
}
_ => {
conn.desynchronized = true;
return Err(Error::BadResponse);
}
};
try!(conn.wait_for_ready());
Ok(num)
}
/// Consumes the statement, clearing it from the Postgres session.
///
/// Functionally identical to the `Drop` implementation of the
/// `CopyInStatement` except that it returns any error to the
/// caller.
pub fn finish(mut self) -> Result<()> {
self.finished = true;
self.finish_inner()
}
}
/// A trait allowing abstraction over connections and transactions
pub trait GenericConnection {
/// Like `Connection::prepare`.
fn prepare<'a>(&'a self, query: &str) -> Result<Statement<'a>>;
/// Like `Connection::execute`.
fn execute(&self, query: &str, params: &[&ToSql]) -> Result<uint>;
/// Like `Connection::prepare_copy_in`.
fn prepare_copy_in<'a>(&'a self, table: &str, columns: &[&str])
-> Result<CopyInStatement<'a>>;
/// Like `Connection::transaction`.
fn transaction<'a>(&'a self) -> Result<Transaction<'a>>;
/// Like `Connection::batch_execute`.
fn batch_execute(&self, query: &str) -> Result<()>;
}
impl GenericConnection for Connection {
fn prepare<'a>(&'a self, query: &str) -> Result<Statement<'a>> {
self.prepare(query)
}
fn execute(&self, query: &str, params: &[&ToSql]) -> Result<uint> {
self.execute(query, params)
}
fn transaction<'a>(&'a self) -> Result<Transaction<'a>> {
self.transaction()
}
fn prepare_copy_in<'a>(&'a self, table: &str, columns: &[&str])
-> Result<CopyInStatement<'a>> {
self.prepare_copy_in(table, columns)
}
fn batch_execute(&self, query: &str) -> Result<()> {
self.batch_execute(query)
}
}
impl<'a> GenericConnection for Transaction<'a> {
fn prepare<'b>(&'b self, query: &str) -> Result<Statement<'b>> {
self.prepare(query)
}
fn execute(&self, query: &str, params: &[&ToSql]) -> Result<uint> {
self.execute(query, params)
}
fn transaction<'b>(&'b self) -> Result<Transaction<'b>> {
self.transaction()
}
fn prepare_copy_in<'b>(&'b self, table: &str, columns: &[&str])
-> Result<CopyInStatement<'b>> {
self.prepare_copy_in(table, columns)
}
fn batch_execute(&self, query: &str) -> Result<()> {
self.batch_execute(query)
}
}