diff --git a/packages/puppeteer-core/src/common/Browser.ts b/packages/puppeteer-core/src/common/Browser.ts
index 0687335718b..9b9224b9090 100644
--- a/packages/puppeteer-core/src/common/Browser.ts
+++ b/packages/puppeteer-core/src/common/Browser.ts
@@ -39,7 +39,13 @@ import {ChromeTargetManager} from './ChromeTargetManager.js';
 import {CDPSession, Connection, ConnectionEmittedEvents} from './Connection.js';
 import {FirefoxTargetManager} from './FirefoxTargetManager.js';
 import {Viewport} from './PuppeteerViewport.js';
-import {OtherTarget, PageTarget, Target, WorkerTarget} from './Target.js';
+import {
+  InitializationStatus,
+  OtherTarget,
+  PageTarget,
+  Target,
+  WorkerTarget,
+} from './Target.js';
 import {TargetManager, TargetManagerEmittedEvents} from './TargetManager.js';
 import {TaskQueue} from './TaskQueue.js';
 import {waitWithTimeout} from './util.js';
@@ -364,8 +370,8 @@ export class CDPBrowser extends BrowserBase {
   };
 
   #onDetachedFromTarget = async (target: Target): Promise<void> => {
-    target._initializedCallback(false);
-    target._closedCallback();
+    target._initializedPromise.resolve(InitializationStatus.ABORTED);
+    target._isClosedPromise.resolve();
     if (await target._initializedPromise) {
       this.emit(BrowserEmittedEvents.TargetDestroyed, target);
       target
@@ -447,7 +453,7 @@ export class CDPBrowser extends BrowserBase {
     return Array.from(
       this.#targetManager.getAvailableTargets().values()
     ).filter(target => {
-      return target._isInitialized;
+      return target._initializedPromise.resolved();
     });
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/puppeteer-core/src/common/ChromeTargetManager.ts b/packages/puppeteer-core/src/common/ChromeTargetManager.ts
index 153611b5e1c..6598727901d 100644
--- a/packages/puppeteer-core/src/common/ChromeTargetManager.ts
+++ b/packages/puppeteer-core/src/common/ChromeTargetManager.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import {createDeferredPromise} from '../util/DeferredPromise.js';
 
 import {CDPSession, Connection} from './Connection.js';
 import {EventEmitter} from './EventEmitter.js';
-import {Target} from './Target.js';
+import {InitializationStatus, Target} from './Target.js';
 import {
   TargetInterceptor,
   TargetFactory,
@@ -267,7 +267,8 @@ export class ChromeTargetManager extends EventEmitter implements TargetManager {
       return;
     }
     const previousURL = target.url();
-    const wasInitialized = target._isInitialized;
+    const wasInitialized =
+      target._initializedPromise.value() === InitializationStatus.SUCCESS;
 
     target._targetInfoChanged(event.targetInfo);
 
diff --git a/packages/puppeteer-core/src/common/Target.ts b/packages/puppeteer-core/src/common/Target.ts
index c997adf0a7b..1c8c7e1eed7 100644
--- a/packages/puppeteer-core/src/common/Target.ts
+++ b/packages/puppeteer-core/src/common/Target.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import {Protocol} from 'devtools-protocol';
 import type {Browser} from '../api/Browser.js';
 import type {BrowserContext} from '../api/BrowserContext.js';
 import {Page, PageEmittedEvents} from '../api/Page.js';
+import {createDeferredPromise} from '../util/DeferredPromise.js';
 
 import {CDPSession} from './Connection.js';
 import {CDPPage} from './Page.js';
@@ -28,6 +29,14 @@ import {TaskQueue} from './TaskQueue.js';
 import {debugError} from './util.js';
 import {WebWorker} from './WebWorker.js';
 
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+export enum InitializationStatus {
+  SUCCESS = 'success',
+  ABORTED = 'aborted',
+}
+
 /**
  * Target represents a
  * {@link https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/tot/Target/ | CDP target}.
@@ -40,35 +49,22 @@ export class Target {
   #browserContext: BrowserContext;
   #session?: CDPSession;
   #targetInfo: Protocol.Target.TargetInfo;
+  #targetManager: TargetManager;
   #sessionFactory: (isAutoAttachEmulated: boolean) => Promise<CDPSession>;
 
   /**
    * @internal
    */
-  _initializedPromise: Promise<boolean>;
+  _initializedPromise = createDeferredPromise<InitializationStatus>();
   /**
    * @internal
    */
-  _initializedCallback!: (x: boolean) => void;
-  /**
-   * @internal
-   */
-  _isClosedPromise: Promise<void>;
-  /**
-   * @internal
-   */
-  _closedCallback!: () => void;
-  /**
-   * @internal
-   */
-  _isInitialized = false;
+  _isClosedPromise = createDeferredPromise<void>();
   /**
    * @internal
    */
   _targetId: string;
 
-  #targetManager: TargetManager;
-
   /**
    * @internal
    */
@@ -85,12 +81,6 @@ export class Target {
     this.#browserContext = browserContext;
     this._targetId = targetInfo.targetId;
     this.#sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
-    this._initializedPromise = new Promise<boolean>(fulfill => {
-      return (this._initializedCallback = fulfill);
-    });
-    this._isClosedPromise = new Promise<void>(fulfill => {
-      return (this._closedCallback = fulfill);
-    });
     this._initialize();
   }
 
@@ -208,21 +198,15 @@ export class Target {
    * @internal
    */
   protected _initialize(): void {
-    // TODO: refactor to deferred promises.
-    this._isInitialized = true;
-    if (this._isInitialized) {
-      this._initializedCallback(true);
-    }
+    this._initializedPromise.resolve(InitializationStatus.SUCCESS);
   }
 
   /**
    * @internal
    */
   protected _checkIfInitialized(): void {
-    if (!this._isInitialized) {
-      this._isInitialized = true;
-      this._initializedCallback(true);
-      return;
+    if (!this._initializedPromise.resolved()) {
+      this._initializedPromise.resolve(InitializationStatus.SUCCESS);
     }
   }
 
@@ -309,12 +293,11 @@ export class PageTarget extends Target {
   }
 
   override _checkIfInitialized(): void {
-    if (this._isInitialized) {
+    if (this._initializedPromise.resolved()) {
       return;
     }
-    this._isInitialized = this._getTargetInfo().url !== '';
-    if (this._isInitialized) {
-      this._initializedCallback(true);
+    if (this._getTargetInfo().url !== '') {
+      this._initializedPromise.resolve(InitializationStatus.SUCCESS);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/puppeteer-core/src/util/DeferredPromise.ts b/packages/puppeteer-core/src/util/DeferredPromise.ts
index 8c7945e3591..f240e362449 100644
--- a/packages/puppeteer-core/src/util/DeferredPromise.ts
+++ b/packages/puppeteer-core/src/util/DeferredPromise.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ export interface DeferredPromise<T> extends Promise<T> {
   resolved: () => boolean;
   resolve: (value: T) => void;
   reject: (reason?: unknown) => void;
+  value: () => T | undefined;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ export function createDeferredPromise<T>(
 ): DeferredPromise<T> {
   let isResolved = false;
   let isRejected = false;
+  let _value: T | undefined;
   let resolver: (value: T) => void;
   let rejector: (reason?: unknown) => void;
   const taskPromise = new Promise<T>((resolve, reject) => {
@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ export function createDeferredPromise<T>(
         clearTimeout(timeoutId);
       }
       isResolved = true;
+      _value = value;
       resolver(value);
     },
     reject: (err?: unknown) => {
@@ -64,5 +67,8 @@ export function createDeferredPromise<T>(
       isRejected = true;
       rejector(err);
     },
+    value: () => {
+      return _value;
+    },
   });
 }