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Version: 21.6.0

Experimental WebDriver BiDi Support

WebDriver BiDi is a new cross-browser automation protocol that adds browser-driven events to WebDriver. Here are the resources if you want to learn more about WebDriver BiDi:

Automate with Chrome and Firefox​

Firefox support has almost reaching feature parity with the previous CDP-based implementation. To see which features are fully supported with WebDriver BiDi we used the Puppeteer test suite. Currently, we still have fewer than 60 tests that are failing with Firefox and WebDriver BiDi compared to the previous CDP implementation in Firefox but we also have more than 82 new tests that work with WebDriver BiDi and that didn't work with CDP.

For Chrome, around 68% of the tests are currently passing with WebDriver BiDi so the CDP-based implementation remains more powerful. Some of the Puppeteer functionality is relying on CDP even with WebDriver BiDi enabled. Therefore, the test pass rate is currently higher than that one of Firefox.

Example of launching Firefox with WebDriver BiDi:

import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
  product: 'firefox',
  protocol: 'webDriverBiDi',
});
const page = await browser.newPage();
...
await browser.close();

Example of launching Chrome with WebDriver BiDi:

import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';

const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
  product: 'chrome',
  protocol: 'webDriverBiDi',
});
const page = await browser.newPage();
...
await browser.close();

Puppeteer features supported over WebDriver BiDi​

  • Browser and page automation

    • Browser.close
    • Frame.goto() (except referer and referrerPolicy)
    • Page.bringToFront
    • Page.goBack()
    • Page.goForward()
    • Page.goto (except referer and referrerPolicy)
    • Page.reload (except for ignoreCache parameter)
    • Page.setViewport (width, height, deviceScaleFactor only)
    • Puppeteer.launch

  • Script evaluation:

    • JSHandle.evaluate
    • JSHandle.evaluateHandle
    • Page.evaluate
    • Page.exposeFunction

  • Selectors and locators except for ARIA:

    • Page.$ (ARIA selectors supported in Chrome)
    • Page.$$ (ARIA selectors supported in Chrome)
    • Page.$$eval (ARIA selectors supported in Chrome)
    • Page.$eval (ARIA selectors supported in Chrome)
    • Page.waitForSelector (ARIA selectors supported in Chrome)

  • Input

    • ElementHandle.click
    • Keyboard.down
    • Keyboard.press
    • Keyboard.sendCharacter
    • Keyboard.type
    • Keyboard.up
    • Mouse events (except for dedicated drag'n'drop API methods)
    • Page.tap
    • TouchScreen.*

  • JavaScript dialog interception

    • page.on('dialog')
    • Dialog.*

  • Screenshots (not all parameters are supported)

    • Page.screenshot (supported parameters clip, encoding, fullPage)

  • PDF generation (not all parameters are supported)

    • Page.pdf (only format, height, landscape, margin, pageRanges, printBackground, scale, width are supported)
    • Page.createPDFStream (only format, height, landscape, margin, pageRanges, printBackground, scale, width are supported)

Puppeteer features not yet supported over WebDriver BiDi​

  • Request interception

    • HTTPRequest.abort()
    • HTTPRequest.abortErrorReason()
    • HTTPRequest.client()
    • HTTPRequest.continue()
    • HTTPRequest.continueRequestOverrides()
    • HTTPRequest.failure()
    • HTTPRequest.finalizeInterceptions()
    • HTTPRequest.interceptResolutionState()
    • HTTPRequest.isInterceptResolutionHandled()
    • HTTPRequest.respond()
    • HTTPRequest.responseForRequest()
    • Page.setRequestInterception()

  • Permissions

    • BrowserContext.clearPermissionOverrides()
    • BrowserContext.overridePermissions()

  • Various emulations (most are supported with Chrome)

    • Page.emulate() (supported only in Chrome)
    • Page.emulateCPUThrottling() (supported only in Chrome)
    • Page.emulateIdleState() (supported only in Chrome)
    • Page.emulateMediaFeatures() (supported only in Chrome)
    • Page.emulateMediaType() (supported only in Chrome)
    • Page.emulateTimezone() (supported only in Chrome)
    • Page.emulateVisionDeficiency() (supported only in Chrome)
    • Page.setBypassCSP() (supported only in Chrome)
    • Page.setCacheEnabled() (supported only in Chrome)
    • Page.setGeolocation() (supported only in Chrome)
    • Page.setJavaScriptEnabled() (supported only in Chrome)

  • CDP-specific features

    • Page.createCDPSession() (supported only in Chrome)

  • Tracing (supported only in Chrome)

  • Coverage (supported only in Chrome)

  • Accessibility (supported only in Chrome)

  • Other methods:

    • Browser.userAgent()
    • ElementHandle.uploadFile()
    • Frame.isOOPFrame()
    • Frame.waitForDevicePrompt()
    • HTTPResponse.buffer()
    • HTTPResponse.fromServiceWorker()
    • HTTPResponse.securityDetails()
    • Input.drag()
    • Input.dragAndDrop()
    • Input.dragOver()
    • Input.drop()
    • Page.authenticate()
    • Page.cookies()
    • Page.deleteCookie()
    • Page.emulateNetworkConditions()
    • Page.isDragInterceptionEnabled()
    • Page.isJavaScriptEnabled() (supported only in Chrome)
    • Page.isServiceWorkerBypassed()
    • Page.metrics()
    • Page.queryObjects() (supported only in Chrome)
    • Page.screencast() (supported only in Chrome)
    • Page.setBypassServiceWorker()
    • Page.setCookie()
    • Page.setDragInterception()
    • Page.setExtraHTTPHeaders()
    • Page.setOfflineMode()
    • Page.setUserAgent()
    • Page.waitForDevicePrompt()
    • Page.waitForFileChooser()
    • Page.workers()
    • PageEvent.popup
    • PageEvent.WorkerCreated
    • PageEvent.WorkerDestroyed
    • Target.opener()