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class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/contributing">Contributing</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_TBSr"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_VOVn"><div class="docItemContainer_Djhp"><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><ul class="breadcrumbs" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="Home page" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">Experimental WebDriver BiDi support</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: 21.6.1</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><h1>Experimental WebDriver BiDi support</h1>
|
||
<p><a href="https://w3c.github.io/webdriver-bidi/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WebDriver BiDi</a> is a new cross-browser
|
||
automation protocol currently under development, aiming to combine the best of both WebDriver “Classic” and CDP. WebDriver BiDi promises bi-directional communication, making it fast by default, and it comes packed with low-level control.</p>
|
||
<p>See also:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/articles/webdriver-bidi/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WebDriver BiDi - The future of cross-browser automation</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/webdriver-bidi-2023/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">WebDriver BiDi: 2023 status update</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="automate-with-chrome-and-firefox">Automate with Chrome and Firefox<a href="#automate-with-chrome-and-firefox" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Automate with Chrome and Firefox" title="Direct link to Automate with Chrome and Firefox"></a></h2>
|
||
<p>Puppeteer supports WebDriver BiDi automation with Chrome and Firefox.</p>
|
||
<p>Firefox integration is nearing feature parity with its previous CDP-based approach. Learn more in the <a href="https://hacks.mozilla.org/2023/12/puppeteer-webdriver-bidi/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dedicated announcement</a>.</p>
|
||
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="measuring-progress">Measuring progress<a href="#measuring-progress" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Measuring progress" title="Direct link to Measuring progress"></a></h2>
|
||
<p>To gauge the capabilities of WebDriver BiDi, we utilized the comprehensive <a href="https://puppeteer.github.io/ispuppeteerwebdriverbidiready/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Puppeteer test suite</a></p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>For Firefox, there are currently under <a href="https://puppeteer.github.io/ispuppeteerwebdriverbidiready/firefox-delta.json" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">60</a> failing tests compared to the CDP implementation, while over <a href="https://puppeteer.github.io/ispuppeteerwebdriverbidiready/firefox-delta.json" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">82</a> new tests successfully utilize WebDriver BiDi, demonstrating its growing potential.</li>
|
||
<li>For Chrome, around 68% of tests pass with WebDriver BiDi, indicating room for improvement compared to the CDP-based approach.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="get-started">Get started<a href="#get-started" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Get started" title="Direct link to Get started"></a></h2>
|
||
<p>Below is an example of launching Firefox or Chrome with WebDriver BiDi:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-ts codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-ts codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#393A34;background-color:#f6f8fa"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> puppeteer </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'puppeteer'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> browser </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> puppeteer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">launch</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> product</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'firefox'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// or 'chrome'</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> protocol</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'webDriverBiDi'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> page </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> browser</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">newPage</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> browser</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">close</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div>
|
||
<p>This is an exciting step towards a more unified and efficient cross-browser automation experience. We encourage you to explore WebDriver BiDi with Puppeteer and join us in shaping the future of browser automation.</p>
|
||
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="puppeteer-features-supported-over-webdriver-bidi">Puppeteer features supported over WebDriver BiDi<a href="#puppeteer-features-supported-over-webdriver-bidi" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Puppeteer features supported over WebDriver BiDi" title="Direct link to Puppeteer features supported over WebDriver BiDi"></a></h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Browser and page automation</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Browser.close</li>
|
||
<li>Frame.goto() (except <code>referer</code> and <code>referrerPolicy</code>)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.bringToFront</li>
|
||
<li>Page.goBack()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.goForward()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.goto (except <code>referer</code> and <code>referrerPolicy</code>)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.reload (except for <code>ignoreCache</code> parameter)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.setViewport (<code>width</code>, <code>height</code>, <code>deviceScaleFactor</code> only)</li>
|
||
<li>Puppeteer.launch</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://pptr.dev/guides/evaluate-javascript" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Script evaluation</a>:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>JSHandle.evaluate</li>
|
||
<li>JSHandle.evaluateHandle</li>
|
||
<li>Page.evaluate</li>
|
||
<li>Page.exposeFunction</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://pptr.dev/guides/query-selectors" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Selectors</a> and <a href="https://pptr.dev/guides/locators" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">locators</a> except for ARIA:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Page.$ (ARIA selectors supported in Chrome)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.$$ (ARIA selectors supported in Chrome)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.$$eval (ARIA selectors supported in Chrome)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.$eval (ARIA selectors supported in Chrome)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.waitForSelector (ARIA selectors supported in Chrome)</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Input</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>ElementHandle.click</li>
|
||
<li>Keyboard.down</li>
|
||
<li>Keyboard.press</li>
|
||
<li>Keyboard.sendCharacter</li>
|
||
<li>Keyboard.type</li>
|
||
<li>Keyboard.up</li>
|
||
<li>Mouse events (except for dedicated drag'n'drop API methods)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.tap</li>
|
||
<li>TouchScreen.*</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>JavaScript dialog interception</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>page.on('dialog')</li>
|
||
<li>Dialog.*</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Screenshots (not all parameters are supported)</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Page.screenshot (supported parameters <code>clip</code>, <code>encoding</code>, <code>fullPage</code>)</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>PDF generation (not all parameters are supported)</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Page.pdf (only <code>format</code>, <code>height</code>, <code>landscape</code>, <code>margin</code>, <code>pageRanges</code>, <code>printBackground</code>, <code>scale</code>, <code>width</code> are supported)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.createPDFStream (only <code>format</code>, <code>height</code>, <code>landscape</code>, <code>margin</code>, <code>pageRanges</code>, <code>printBackground</code>, <code>scale</code>, <code>width</code> are supported)</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="puppeteer-features-not-yet-supported-over-webdriver-bidi">Puppeteer features not yet supported over WebDriver BiDi<a href="#puppeteer-features-not-yet-supported-over-webdriver-bidi" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Puppeteer features not yet supported over WebDriver BiDi" title="Direct link to Puppeteer features not yet supported over WebDriver BiDi"></a></h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p><a href="https://pptr.dev/guides/request-interception" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Request interception</a></p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>HTTPRequest.abort()</li>
|
||
<li>HTTPRequest.abortErrorReason()</li>
|
||
<li>HTTPRequest.client()</li>
|
||
<li>HTTPRequest.continue()</li>
|
||
<li>HTTPRequest.continueRequestOverrides()</li>
|
||
<li>HTTPRequest.failure()</li>
|
||
<li>HTTPRequest.finalizeInterceptions()</li>
|
||
<li>HTTPRequest.interceptResolutionState()</li>
|
||
<li>HTTPRequest.isInterceptResolutionHandled()</li>
|
||
<li>HTTPRequest.respond()</li>
|
||
<li>HTTPRequest.responseForRequest()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.setRequestInterception()</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Permissions</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>BrowserContext.clearPermissionOverrides()</li>
|
||
<li>BrowserContext.overridePermissions()</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Various emulations (most are supported with Chrome)</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Page.emulate() (supported only in Chrome)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.emulateCPUThrottling() (supported only in Chrome)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.emulateIdleState() (supported only in Chrome)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.emulateMediaFeatures() (supported only in Chrome)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.emulateMediaType() (supported only in Chrome)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.emulateTimezone() (supported only in Chrome)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.emulateVisionDeficiency() (supported only in Chrome)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.setBypassCSP() (supported only in Chrome)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.setCacheEnabled() (supported only in Chrome)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.setGeolocation() (supported only in Chrome)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.setJavaScriptEnabled() (supported only in Chrome)</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>CDP-specific features</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Page.createCDPSession() (supported only in Chrome)</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Tracing (supported only in Chrome)</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Coverage (supported only in Chrome)</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Accessibility (supported only in Chrome)</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Other methods:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Browser.userAgent()</li>
|
||
<li>ElementHandle.uploadFile()</li>
|
||
<li>Frame.isOOPFrame()</li>
|
||
<li>Frame.waitForDevicePrompt()</li>
|
||
<li>HTTPResponse.buffer()</li>
|
||
<li>HTTPResponse.fromServiceWorker()</li>
|
||
<li>HTTPResponse.securityDetails()</li>
|
||
<li>Input.drag()</li>
|
||
<li>Input.dragAndDrop()</li>
|
||
<li>Input.dragOver()</li>
|
||
<li>Input.drop()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.authenticate()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.cookies()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.deleteCookie()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.emulateNetworkConditions()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.isDragInterceptionEnabled()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.isJavaScriptEnabled() (supported only in Chrome)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.isServiceWorkerBypassed()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.metrics()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.queryObjects() (supported only in Chrome)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.screencast() (supported only in Chrome)</li>
|
||
<li>Page.setBypassServiceWorker()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.setCookie()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.setDragInterception()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.setExtraHTTPHeaders()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.setOfflineMode()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.setUserAgent()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.waitForDevicePrompt()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.waitForFileChooser()</li>
|
||
<li>Page.workers()</li>
|
||
<li>PageEvent.popup</li>
|
||
<li>PageEvent.WorkerCreated</li>
|
||
<li>PageEvent.WorkerDestroyed</li>
|
||
<li>Target.opener()</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul></div></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/integrations/ng-schematics"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Puppeteer Angular Schematic</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/chromium-support"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Chromium Support</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#automate-with-chrome-and-firefox" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Automate with Chrome and Firefox</a></li><li><a href="#measuring-progress" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Measuring progress</a></li><li><a href="#get-started" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Get started</a></li><li><a href="#puppeteer-features-supported-over-webdriver-bidi" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Puppeteer features supported over WebDriver BiDi</a></li><li><a href="#puppeteer-features-not-yet-supported-over-webdriver-bidi" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Puppeteer features not yet supported over WebDriver BiDi</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Community</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/puppeteer" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Stack Overflow<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/chromedevtools" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://goo.gle/devtools-youtube" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">YouTube<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">Copyright © 2024 Google, Inc.</div></div></div></footer></div>
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