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class="theme-doc-sidebar-menu menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/">Puppeteer</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" aria-expanded="true" href="/category/guides">Guides</a><button aria-label="Toggle the collapsible sidebar category 'Guides'" type="button" class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div><ul style="display:block;overflow:visible;height:auto" class="menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/guides/configuration">Configuration</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/guides/query-selectors">Query Selectors</a></li><li 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class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/guides/debugging">Debugging</a></li></ul></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" aria-expanded="true" href="/category/integrations">Integrations</a><button aria-label="Toggle the collapsible sidebar category 'Integrations'" type="button" class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div><ul style="display:block;overflow:visible;height:auto" class="menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/integrations/ng-schematics">Angular Schematics</a></li></ul></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/chromium-support">Chromium Support</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link menu__link--active" aria-current="page" href="/troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/contributing">Contributing</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_gTbr"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_VOVn"><div class="docItemContainer_Djhp"><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><ul class="breadcrumbs" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="Home page" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">Troubleshooting</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: 21.4.1</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><h1>Troubleshooting</h1><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-caution alert alert--warning admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>caution</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p>Chromium currently does not provide arm64 binaries for Linux. There are only
|
||
binaries for
|
||
<a href="https://pptr.dev/contributing#macos-arm-and-custom-executables" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mac ARM with experimental support from Puppeteer</a>.</p></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="cannot-find-module-puppeteer-coreinternal"><code>Cannot find module 'puppeteer-core/internal/...'</code><a href="#cannot-find-module-puppeteer-coreinternal" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to cannot-find-module-puppeteer-coreinternal" title="Direct link to cannot-find-module-puppeteer-coreinternal"></a></h2><p>This can occur is your Node.js version is lower than 14 or you are using a
|
||
custom resolver (such as
|
||
<a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/jest-resolve" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>jest-resolve</code></a>). For the former,
|
||
we do not support deprecated versions of Node.js. For the latter, usually
|
||
upgrading the resolver (or its parent module such as <code>jest</code>) will work (e.g.
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/issues/9121" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/issues/9121</a>)</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="could-not-find-expected-browser-locally"><code>Could not find expected browser locally</code><a href="#could-not-find-expected-browser-locally" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to could-not-find-expected-browser-locally" title="Direct link to could-not-find-expected-browser-locally"></a></h2><p>Starting from v19.0.0, Puppeteer will download browsers into
|
||
<code>~/.cache/puppeteer</code> using
|
||
<a href="https://nodejs.org/api/os.html#oshomedir" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>os.homedir</code></a> for better caching
|
||
between Puppeteer upgrades. Generally the home directory is well-defined (even
|
||
on Windows), but occasionally the home directory may not be available. In this
|
||
case, we provide the <code>PUPPETEER_CACHE_DIR</code> variable which allows you to change
|
||
the installation directory.</p><p>For example,</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">PUPPETEER_CACHE_DIR</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token variable" style="color:#36acaa">$(</span><span class="token variable builtin class-name" style="color:#36acaa">pwd</span><span class="token variable" style="color:#36acaa">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">npm</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">install</span><span class="token plain"> puppeteer</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">PUPPETEER_CACHE_DIR</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token variable" style="color:#36acaa">$(</span><span class="token variable builtin class-name" style="color:#36acaa">pwd</span><span class="token variable" style="color:#36acaa">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">node</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34"><</span><span class="token plain">script-path</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">></span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>You can also create a configuration file named <code>.puppeteerrc.cjs</code> (or
|
||
<code>puppeteer.config.cjs</code>) at the root of your application with the contents</p><div class="language-js codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-js codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">join</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'path'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">/**</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> * @type {import("puppeteer").Configuration}</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"> */</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">module</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token property-access">exports</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property" style="color:#36acaa">cacheDirectory</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">join</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">__dirname</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'.cache'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'puppeteer'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>You will need to reinstall <code>puppeteer</code> in order for the configuration to take
|
||
effect. See <a href="/guides/configuration">Configuring Puppeteer</a> for more
|
||
information.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="chrome-headless-doesnt-launch-on-windows">Chrome headless doesn't launch on Windows<a href="#chrome-headless-doesnt-launch-on-windows" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Chrome headless doesn't launch on Windows" title="Direct link to Chrome headless doesn't launch on Windows"></a></h2><p>Some <a href="https://support.google.com/chrome/a/answer/7532015" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">chrome policies</a> might
|
||
enforce running Chrome/Chromium with certain extensions.</p><p>Puppeteer passes <code>--disable-extensions</code> flag by default and will fail to launch
|
||
when such policies are active.</p><p>To work around this, try running without the flag:</p><div class="language-ts codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-ts codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> browser </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> puppeteer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">launch</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> ignoreDefaultArgs</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'--disable-extensions'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><blockquote><p>Context:
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/issues/3681#issuecomment-447865342" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">issue 3681</a>.</p></blockquote><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="chrome-doesnt-launch-on-linux">Chrome doesn't launch on Linux<a href="#chrome-doesnt-launch-on-linux" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Chrome doesn't launch on Linux" title="Direct link to Chrome doesn't launch on Linux"></a></h2><p>Make sure all the necessary dependencies are installed. You can run <code>ldd chrome
|
||
| grep not</code> on a Linux machine to check which dependencies are missing. The
|
||
common ones are provided below. Also, see
|
||
<a href="https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:chrome/installer/linux/debian/dist_package_versions.json" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:chrome/installer/linux/debian/dist_package_versions.json</a>
|
||
for the up-to-date list of dependencies declared by the Chrome installer.</p><details class="details_lb9f alert alert--info details_b_Ee" data-collapsed="true"><summary>Debian (e.g. Ubuntu) Dependencies</summary><div><div class="collapsibleContent_i85q"><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">ca-certificates</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">fonts-liberation</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libasound2</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libatk-bridge2.0-0</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libatk1.0-0</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libc6</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libcairo2</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libcups2</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libdbus-1-3</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libexpat1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libfontconfig1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libgbm1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libgcc1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libglib2.0-0</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libgtk-3-0</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libnspr4</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libnss3</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libpango-1.0-0</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libpangocairo-1.0-0</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libstdc++6</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libx11-6</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libx11-xcb1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libxcb1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libxcomposite1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libxcursor1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libxdamage1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libxext6</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libxfixes3</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libxi6</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libxrandr2</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libxrender1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libxss1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libxtst6</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">lsb-release</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">wget</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">xdg-utils</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></div></details><details class="details_lb9f alert alert--info details_b_Ee" data-collapsed="true"><summary>CentOS Dependencies</summary><div><div class="collapsibleContent_i85q"><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">alsa-lib.x86_64</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">atk.x86_64</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">cups-libs.x86_64</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">gtk3.x86_64</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">ipa-gothic-fonts</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libXcomposite.x86_64</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libXcursor.x86_64</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libXdamage.x86_64</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libXext.x86_64</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libXi.x86_64</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libXrandr.x86_64</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libXScrnSaver.x86_64</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">libXtst.x86_64</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">pango.x86_64</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">xorg-x11-fonts-100dpi</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">xorg-x11-fonts-75dpi</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">xorg-x11-fonts-cyrillic</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">xorg-x11-fonts-misc</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">xorg-x11-fonts-Type1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">xorg-x11-utils</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>After installing dependencies you need to update <code>nss</code> library using this
|
||
command</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">yum update nss -y</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></div></details><details class="details_lb9f alert alert--info details_b_Ee" data-collapsed="true"><summary>Check out discussions</summary><div><div class="collapsibleContent_i85q"><ul><li><a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/issues/290" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">#290</a> - Debian
|
||
troubleshooting <br></li><li><a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/issues/391" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">#391</a> - CentOS
|
||
troubleshooting <br></li><li><a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/issues/379" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">#379</a> - Alpine
|
||
troubleshooting <br></li></ul></div></div></details><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="chrome-headless-disables-gpu-compositing">Chrome headless disables GPU compositing<a href="#chrome-headless-disables-gpu-compositing" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Chrome headless disables GPU compositing" title="Direct link to Chrome headless disables GPU compositing"></a></h2><p>Chrome/Chromium requires <code>--enable-gpu</code> to
|
||
<a href="https://crbug.com/1416283" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">enable GPU acceleration in headless mode</a>.</p><div class="language-ts codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-ts codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> browser </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> puppeteer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">launch</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> headless</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> args</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'--enable-gpu'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="setting-up-chrome-linux-sandbox">Setting Up Chrome Linux Sandbox<a href="#setting-up-chrome-linux-sandbox" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Setting Up Chrome Linux Sandbox" title="Direct link to Setting Up Chrome Linux Sandbox"></a></h2><p>In order to protect the host environment from untrusted web content, Chrome uses
|
||
<a href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/HEAD/docs/linux/sandboxing.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">multiple layers of sandboxing</a>.
|
||
For this to work properly, the host should be configured first. If there's no
|
||
good sandbox for Chrome to use, it will crash with the error
|
||
<code>No usable sandbox!</code>.</p><p>If you <strong>absolutely trust</strong> the content you open in Chrome, you can launch
|
||
Chrome with the <code>--no-sandbox</code> argument:</p><div class="language-ts codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-ts codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> browser </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> puppeteer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">launch</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> args</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'--no-sandbox'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'--disable-setuid-sandbox'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-caution alert alert--warning admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>caution</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p>Running without a sandbox is <strong>strongly discouraged</strong>. Consider configuring a
|
||
sandbox instead.</p></div></div><p>There are 2 ways to configure a sandbox in Chromium.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="recommended-enable-user-namespace-cloning">[recommended]<!-- --> Enable <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/user_namespaces.7.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">user namespace cloning</a><a href="#recommended-enable-user-namespace-cloning" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to recommended-enable-user-namespace-cloning" title="Direct link to recommended-enable-user-namespace-cloning"></a></h3><p>User namespace cloning is only supported by modern kernels. Unprivileged user
|
||
namespaces are generally fine to enable, but in some cases they open up more
|
||
kernel attack surface for (unsandboxed) non-root processes to elevate to kernel
|
||
privileges.</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">sudo</span><span class="token plain"> sysctl -w kernel.unprivileged_userns_clone</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="alternative-setup-setuid-sandbox">[alternative]<!-- --> Setup <a href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/HEAD/docs/linux/suid_sandbox_development.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">setuid sandbox</a><a href="#alternative-setup-setuid-sandbox" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to alternative-setup-setuid-sandbox" title="Direct link to alternative-setup-setuid-sandbox"></a></h3><p>The setuid sandbox comes as a standalone executable and is located next to the
|
||
Chromium that Puppeteer downloads. It is fine to re-use the same sandbox
|
||
executable for different Chromium versions, so the following could be done only
|
||
once per host environment:</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># cd to the downloaded instance</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34"><</span><span class="token plain">project-dir-path</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">></span><span class="token plain">/node_modules/puppeteer/.local-chromium/linux-</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34"><</span><span class="token plain">revision</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">></span><span class="token plain">/chrome-linux/</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">sudo</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">chown</span><span class="token plain"> root:root chrome_sandbox</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">sudo</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">chmod</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">4755</span><span class="token plain"> chrome_sandbox</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># copy sandbox executable to a shared location</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">sudo</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">cp</span><span class="token plain"> -p chrome_sandbox /usr/local/sbin/chrome-devel-sandbox</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># export CHROME_DEVEL_SANDBOX env variable</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token builtin class-name">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">CHROME_DEVEL_SANDBOX</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">/usr/local/sbin/chrome-devel-sandbox</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>You might want to export the <code>CHROME_DEVEL_SANDBOX</code> env variable by default. In
|
||
this case, add the following to the <code>~/.bashrc</code> or <code>.zshenv</code>:</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token builtin class-name">export</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">CHROME_DEVEL_SANDBOX</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">/usr/local/sbin/chrome-devel-sandbox</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="running-puppeteer-on-travis-ci">Running Puppeteer on Travis CI<a href="#running-puppeteer-on-travis-ci" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on Travis CI" title="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on Travis CI"></a></h2><blockquote><p>👋 We ran our tests for Puppeteer on Travis CI until v6.0.0 (when we've
|
||
migrated to GitHub Actions) - see our historical
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/v5.5.0/.travis.yml" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>.travis.yml</code> (v5.5.0)</a>
|
||
for reference.</p></blockquote><p>Tips-n-tricks:</p><ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xvfb" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">xvfb</a> service should be launched in order
|
||
to run Chromium in non-headless mode</li><li>Runs on Xenial Linux on Travis by default</li><li>Runs <code>npm install</code> by default</li><li><code>node_modules</code> is cached by default</li></ul><p><code>.travis.yml</code> might look like this:</p><div class="language-yml codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-yml codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">language</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> node_js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">node_js</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> node</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">services</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> xvfb</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">script</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain"> npm test</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="running-puppeteer-on-wsl-windows-subsystem-for-linux">Running Puppeteer on WSL (Windows subsystem for Linux)<a href="#running-puppeteer-on-wsl-windows-subsystem-for-linux" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on WSL (Windows subsystem for Linux)" title="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on WSL (Windows subsystem for Linux)"></a></h2><p>See <a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/issues/1837" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">this thread</a> with some
|
||
tips specific to WSL. In a nutshell, you need to install missing dependencies by
|
||
either:</p><ol><li><a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/tutorials/gui-apps#install-google-chrome-for-linux" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Installing Chrome on WSL to install all dependencies</a></li><li>Installing required dependencies manually:
|
||
<code>sudo apt install libgtk-3-dev libnotify-dev libgconf-2-4 libnss3 libxss1 libasound2</code>.</li></ol><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-caution alert alert--warning admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.893 1.5c-.183-.31-.52-.5-.887-.5s-.703.19-.886.5L.138 13.499a.98.98 0 0 0 0 1.001c.193.31.53.501.886.501h13.964c.367 0 .704-.19.877-.5a1.03 1.03 0 0 0 .01-1.002L8.893 1.5zm.133 11.497H6.987v-2.003h2.039v2.003zm0-3.004H6.987V5.987h2.039v4.006z"></path></svg></span>caution</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p>The list of required dependencies might get outdated and depend on what you
|
||
already have installed.</p></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="running-puppeteer-on-circleci">Running Puppeteer on CircleCI<a href="#running-puppeteer-on-circleci" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on CircleCI" title="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on CircleCI"></a></h2><p>Running Puppeteer smoothly on CircleCI requires the following steps:</p><ol><li>Start with a
|
||
<a href="https://circleci.com/docs/2.0/circleci-images/#nodejs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">NodeJS image</a> in your
|
||
config like so:<div class="language-yaml codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-yaml codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">docker</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">image</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> circleci/node</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">14</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Use your desired version</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">environment</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">NODE_ENV</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> development </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Only needed if puppeteer is in `devDependencies`</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></li><li>Dependencies like <code>libXtst6</code> probably need to be installed via <code>apt-get</code>, so
|
||
use the
|
||
<a href="https://circleci.com/orbs/registry/orb/threetreeslight/puppeteer" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">threetreeslight/puppeteer</a>
|
||
orb
|
||
(<a href="https://circleci.com/orbs/registry/orb/threetreeslight/puppeteer#quick-start" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">instructions</a>),
|
||
or paste parts of its
|
||
<a href="https://circleci.com/orbs/registry/orb/threetreeslight/puppeteer#orb-source" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">source</a>
|
||
into your own config.</li><li>Lastly, if you’re using Puppeteer through Jest, then you may encounter an
|
||
error spawning child processes:<div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">[00:00.0] jest args: --e2e --spec --max-workers=36</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">Error: spawn ENOMEM</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> at ChildProcess.spawn (internal/child_process.js:394:11)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div>This is likely caused by Jest autodetecting the number of processes on the
|
||
entire machine (<code>36</code>) rather than the number allowed to your container (<code>2</code>).
|
||
To fix this, set <code>jest --maxWorkers=2</code> in your test command.</li></ol><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="running-puppeteer-in-docker">Running Puppeteer in Docker<a href="#running-puppeteer-in-docker" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Running Puppeteer in Docker" title="Direct link to Running Puppeteer in Docker"></a></h2><blockquote><p>👋 We used <a href="https://cirrus-ci.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cirrus Ci</a> to run our tests for Puppeteer
|
||
in a Docker container until v3.0.x - see our historical
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/v3.0.1/.ci/node12/Dockerfile.linux" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>Dockerfile.linux</code> (v3.0.1)</a>
|
||
for reference. Starting from v16.0.0 we are shipping a Docker image via the
|
||
GitHub registry. The Dockerfile is located
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/docker/Dockerfile" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a> and
|
||
the usage instructions are in the
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer#running-in-docker" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">README.md</a>. The
|
||
instructions below might be still helpful if you are building your own image.</p></blockquote><p>Getting headless Chrome up and running in Docker can be tricky. The bundled
|
||
Chromium that Puppeteer installs is missing the necessary shared library
|
||
dependencies.</p><p>To fix, you'll need to install the missing dependencies and the latest Chromium
|
||
package in your Dockerfile:</p><div class="language-Dockerfile codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-Dockerfile codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">FROM node:14-slim</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Install latest chrome dev package and fonts to support major charsets (Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, Thai and a few others)</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Note: this installs the necessary libs to make the bundled version of Chromium that Puppeteer</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># installs, work.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">RUN apt-get update \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> && apt-get install -y wget gnupg \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> && wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add - \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> && sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list' \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> && apt-get update \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> && apt-get install -y google-chrome-stable fonts-ipafont-gothic fonts-wqy-zenhei fonts-thai-tlwg fonts-kacst fonts-freefont-ttf libxss1 \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> --no-install-recommends \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># If running Docker >= 1.13.0 use docker run's --init arg to reap zombie processes, otherwise</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># uncomment the following lines to have `dumb-init` as PID 1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># ADD https://github.com/Yelp/dumb-init/releases/download/v1.2.2/dumb-init_1.2.2_x86_64 /usr/local/bin/dumb-init</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/dumb-init</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># ENTRYPOINT ["dumb-init", "--"]</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Uncomment to skip the chromium download when installing puppeteer. If you do,</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># you'll need to launch puppeteer with:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># browser.launch({executablePath: 'google-chrome-stable'})</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># ENV PUPPETEER_SKIP_DOWNLOAD true</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Install puppeteer so it's available in the container.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">RUN npm init -y && \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> npm i puppeteer \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> # Add user so we don't need --no-sandbox.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> # same layer as npm install to keep re-chowned files from using up several hundred MBs more space</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> && groupadd -r pptruser && useradd -r -g pptruser -G audio,video pptruser \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> && mkdir -p /home/pptruser/Downloads \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> && chown -R pptruser:pptruser /home/pptruser \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> && chown -R pptruser:pptruser /node_modules \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> && chown -R pptruser:pptruser /package.json \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> && chown -R pptruser:pptruser /package-lock.json</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Run everything after as non-privileged user.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">USER pptruser</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">CMD ["google-chrome-stable"]</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Build the container:</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">docker</span><span class="token plain"> build -t puppeteer-chrome-linux </span><span class="token builtin class-name">.</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Run the container by passing <code>node -e "<yourscript.js content as a string>"</code> as
|
||
the command:</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">docker</span><span class="token plain"> run -i --init --rm --cap-add</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">SYS_ADMIN </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">\</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> --name puppeteer-chrome puppeteer-chrome-linux </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">\</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">node</span><span class="token plain"> -e </span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"</span><span class="token string variable" style="color:#36acaa">`</span><span class="token string variable function" style="color:#d73a49">cat</span><span class="token string variable" style="color:#36acaa"> yourscript.js</span><span class="token string variable" style="color:#36acaa">`</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>There's a full example at <a href="https://github.com/ebidel/try-puppeteer" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/ebidel/try-puppeteer</a> that shows how
|
||
to run this Dockerfile from a webserver running on App Engine Flex (Node).</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="running-on-alpine">Running on Alpine<a href="#running-on-alpine" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Running on Alpine" title="Direct link to Running on Alpine"></a></h3><p>The
|
||
<a href="https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/package/edge/community/x86_64/chromium" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">newest Chromium package</a>
|
||
supported on Alpine is 100, which corresponds to
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/releases/tag/v13.5.0" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Puppeteer v13.5.0</a>.</p><p>Example Dockerfile:</p><div class="language-Dockerfile codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-Dockerfile codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">FROM alpine</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Installs latest Chromium (100) package.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">RUN apk add --no-cache \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> chromium \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> nss \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> freetype \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> harfbuzz \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> ca-certificates \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> ttf-freefont \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> nodejs \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> yarn</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">...</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Tell Puppeteer to skip installing Chrome. We'll be using the installed package.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">ENV PUPPETEER_EXECUTABLE_PATH=/usr/bin/chromium-browser</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Puppeteer v13.5.0 works with Chromium 100.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">RUN yarn add puppeteer@13.5.0</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Add user so we don't need --no-sandbox.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">RUN addgroup -S pptruser && adduser -S -G pptruser pptruser \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> && mkdir -p /home/pptruser/Downloads /app \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> && chown -R pptruser:pptruser /home/pptruser \</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> && chown -R pptruser:pptruser /app</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"># Run everything after as non-privileged user.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">USER pptruser</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">...</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="running-puppeteer-on-gitlabci">Running Puppeteer on GitlabCI<a href="#running-puppeteer-on-gitlabci" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on GitlabCI" title="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on GitlabCI"></a></h2><p>This is very similar to some of the instructions above, but require a bit
|
||
different configuration to finally achieve success.</p><p>Usually the issue looks like this:</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">Error: Failed to launch chrome</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">!</span><span class="token plain"> spawn /usr/bin/chromium-browser ENOENT</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>You need to patch two places:</p><ol><li>Your <code>gitlab-ci.yml</code> config</li><li>Arguments' list when launching pupepeteer</li></ol><p>In <code>gitlab-ci.yml</code> we need to install some packages to make it possible to
|
||
launch headless Chrome in your docker env:</p><div class="language-yml codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-yml codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token key atrule" style="color:#00a4db">before_script</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain"> apt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">get update</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain"> apt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">get install </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">yq gconf</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">service libasound2 libatk1.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">0 libc6 libcairo2</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> libcups2 libdbus</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">3 libexpat1 libfontconfig1 libgcc1 libgconf</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">2</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">4</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> libgdk</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">pixbuf2.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">0 libglib2.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">0 libgtk</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">3</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">0 libnspr4 libpango</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">1.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">0</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> libpangocairo</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">1.0</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">0 libstdc++6 libx11</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">6 libx11</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">xcb1 libxcb1 libxcomposite1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxext6 libxfixes3 libxi6 libxrandr2 libxrender1</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> libxss1 libxtst6 ca</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">certificates fonts</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">liberation libnss3 lsb</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">release</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> xdg</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token plain">utils wget</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Next, you have to use <code>'--no-sandbox'</code> mode and also
|
||
<code>'--disable-setuid-sandbox'</code> when launching Puppeteer. This can be done by
|
||
passing them as an arguments to your <code>.launch()</code> call:
|
||
<code>puppeteer.launch({ args: ['--no-sandbox', '--disable-setuid-sandbox'] });</code>.</p><h4 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tips">Tips<a href="#tips" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Tips" title="Direct link to Tips"></a></h4><p>By default, Docker runs a container with a <code>/dev/shm</code> shared memory space 64MB.
|
||
This is <a href="https://github.com/c0b/chrome-in-docker/issues/1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">typically too small</a>
|
||
for Chrome and will cause Chrome to crash when rendering large pages. To fix,
|
||
run the container with <code>docker run --shm-size=1gb</code> to increase the size of
|
||
<code>/dev/shm</code>. Since Chrome 65, this is no longer necessary. Instead, launch the
|
||
browser with the <code>--disable-dev-shm-usage</code> flag:</p><div class="language-ts codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-ts codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> browser </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> puppeteer</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">launch</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> args</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">'--disable-dev-shm-usage'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>This will write shared memory files into <code>/tmp</code> instead of <code>/dev/shm</code>. See
|
||
<a href="https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=736452" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">crbug.com/736452</a>
|
||
for more details.</p><p>Seeing other weird errors when launching Chrome? Try running your container with
|
||
<code>docker run --cap-add=SYS_ADMIN</code> when developing locally. Since the Dockerfile
|
||
adds a <code>pptr</code> user as a non-privileged user, it may not have all the necessary
|
||
privileges.</p><p><a href="https://github.com/Yelp/dumb-init" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">dumb-init</a> is worth checking out if you're
|
||
experiencing a lot of zombies Chrome processes sticking around. There's special
|
||
treatment for processes with PID=1, which makes it hard to terminate Chrome
|
||
properly in some cases (e.g. in Docker).</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="running-puppeteer-in-the-cloud">Running Puppeteer in the cloud<a href="#running-puppeteer-in-the-cloud" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Running Puppeteer in the cloud" title="Direct link to Running Puppeteer in the cloud"></a></h2><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="running-puppeteer-on-google-app-engine">Running Puppeteer on Google App Engine<a href="#running-puppeteer-on-google-app-engine" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on Google App Engine" title="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on Google App Engine"></a></h3><p>The Node.js runtime of the
|
||
<a href="https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/nodejs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">App Engine standard environment</a>
|
||
comes with all system packages needed to run Headless Chrome.</p><p>To use <code>puppeteer</code>, simply list the module as a dependency in your
|
||
<code>package.json</code> and deploy to Google App Engine. Read more about using
|
||
<code>puppeteer</code> on App Engine by following
|
||
<a href="https://cloud.google.com/appengine/docs/standard/nodejs/using-headless-chrome-with-puppeteer" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">the official tutorial</a>.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="running-puppeteer-on-google-cloud-functions">Running Puppeteer on Google Cloud Functions<a href="#running-puppeteer-on-google-cloud-functions" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on Google Cloud Functions" title="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on Google Cloud Functions"></a></h3><p>You can try running Puppeteer on
|
||
<a href="https://cloud.google.com/functions/docs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Google Cloud Functions</a> but we have
|
||
been getting reports that newest runtimes don't have all dependencies to run
|
||
Chromium.</p><p>If you encounter problems due to missing Chromium dependencies, consider using
|
||
Google Cloud Run instead where you can provide a custom Dockerfile with all
|
||
dependencies. Also, see our
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/pkgs/container/puppeteer" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">official Docker image</a>.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="running-puppeteer-on-google-cloud-run">Running Puppeteer on Google Cloud Run<a href="#running-puppeteer-on-google-cloud-run" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on Google Cloud Run" title="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on Google Cloud Run"></a></h3><p>The default Node.js runtime of
|
||
<a href="https://cloud.google.com/run/docs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Google Cloud Run</a> does not come with the
|
||
system packages needed to run Headless Chrome. You will need to set up your own
|
||
<code>Dockerfile</code> and
|
||
<a href="#chrome-headless-doesnt-launch-on-unix">include the missing dependencies</a>.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="running-puppeteer-on-heroku">Running Puppeteer on Heroku<a href="#running-puppeteer-on-heroku" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on Heroku" title="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on Heroku"></a></h3><p>Running Puppeteer on Heroku requires some additional dependencies that aren't
|
||
included on the Linux box that Heroku spins up for you. To add the dependencies
|
||
on deploy, add the Puppeteer Heroku buildpack to the list of buildpacks for your
|
||
app under Settings > Buildpacks.</p><p>The url for the buildpack is
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/jontewks/puppeteer-heroku-buildpack" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/jontewks/puppeteer-heroku-buildpack</a></p><p>Ensure that you're using <code>'--no-sandbox'</code> mode when launching Puppeteer. This
|
||
can be done by passing it as an argument to your <code>.launch()</code> call:
|
||
<code>puppeteer.launch({ args: ['--no-sandbox'] });</code>.</p><p>When you click add buildpack, simply paste that url into the input, and click
|
||
save. On the next deploy, your app will also install the dependencies that
|
||
Puppeteer needs to run.</p><p>If you need to render Chinese, Japanese, or Korean characters you may need to
|
||
use a buildpack with additional font files like
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/CoffeeAndCode/puppeteer-heroku-buildpack" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/CoffeeAndCode/puppeteer-heroku-buildpack</a></p><p>There's also another
|
||
<a href="https://timleland.com/headless-chrome-on-heroku/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">simple guide</a> from @timleland
|
||
that includes a sample project:
|
||
<a href="https://timleland.com/headless-chrome-on-heroku/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://timleland.com/headless-chrome-on-heroku/</a>.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="running-puppeteer-on-aws-lambda">Running Puppeteer on AWS Lambda<a href="#running-puppeteer-on-aws-lambda" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on AWS Lambda" title="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on AWS Lambda"></a></h3><p>AWS Lambda <a href="https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/limits.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">limits</a>
|
||
deployment package sizes to ~50MB. This presents challenges for running headless
|
||
Chrome (and therefore Puppeteer) on Lambda. The community has put together a few
|
||
resources that work around the issues:</p><ul><li><a href="https://github.com/sparticuz/chromium" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/sparticuz/chromium</a> (a vendor and framework agnostic library that supports modern versions of <code>chromium</code>)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/alixaxel/chrome-aws-lambda" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/alixaxel/chrome-aws-lambda</a> (supports up to puppeteer 10.1 - outdated)</li><li><a href="https://github.com/adieuadieu/serverless-chrome/blob/HEAD/docs/chrome.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/adieuadieu/serverless-chrome/blob/HEAD/docs/chrome.md</a>
|
||
(serverless plugin - outdated)</li></ul><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="running-puppeteer-on-aws-ec2-instance-running-amazon-linux">Running Puppeteer on AWS EC2 instance running Amazon-Linux<a href="#running-puppeteer-on-aws-ec2-instance-running-amazon-linux" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on AWS EC2 instance running Amazon-Linux" title="Direct link to Running Puppeteer on AWS EC2 instance running Amazon-Linux"></a></h3><p>If you are using an EC2 instance running amazon-linux in your CI/CD pipeline,
|
||
and if you want to run Puppeteer tests in amazon-linux, follow these steps.</p><ol><li><p>To install Chromium, you have to first enable <code>amazon-linux-extras</code> which
|
||
comes as part of
|
||
<a href="https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/ec2-enable-epel/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)</a>:</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">sudo</span><span class="token plain"> amazon-linux-extras </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">install</span><span class="token plain"> epel -y</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></li><li><p>Next, install Chromium:</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">sudo</span><span class="token plain"> yum </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">install</span><span class="token plain"> -y chromium</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></li></ol><p>Now Puppeteer can launch Chromium to run your tests. If you do not enable EPEL
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||
and if you continue installing chromium as part of <code>npm install</code>, Puppeteer
|
||
cannot launch Chromium due to unavailablity of <code>libatk-1.0.so.0</code> and many more
|
||
packages.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="code-transpilation-issues">Code Transpilation Issues<a href="#code-transpilation-issues" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Code Transpilation Issues" title="Direct link to Code Transpilation Issues"></a></h2><p>If you are using a JavaScript transpiler like babel or TypeScript, calling
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||
<code>evaluate()</code> with an async function might not work. This is because while
|
||
<code>puppeteer</code> uses <code>Function.prototype.toString()</code> to serialize functions while
|
||
transpilers could be changing the output code in such a way it's incompatible
|
||
with <code>puppeteer</code>.</p><p>Some workarounds to this problem would be to instruct the transpiler not to mess
|
||
up with the code, for example, configure TypeScript to use latest ecma version
|
||
(<code>"target": "es2018"</code>). Another workaround could be using string templates
|
||
instead of functions:</p><div class="language-ts codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-ts codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> page</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">evaluate</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">(async() => {</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c"> console.log('1');</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token template-string string" style="color:#e3116c">})()</span><span class="token template-string template-punctuation string" style="color:#e3116c">`</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/chromium-support"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Chromium Support</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/contributing"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Contributing</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#cannot-find-module-puppeteer-coreinternal" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight"><code>Cannot find module 'puppeteer-core/internal/...'</code></a></li><li><a href="#could-not-find-expected-browser-locally" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight"><code>Could not find expected browser locally</code></a></li><li><a href="#chrome-headless-doesnt-launch-on-windows" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Chrome headless doesn't launch on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#chrome-doesnt-launch-on-linux" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Chrome doesn't launch on Linux</a></li><li><a href="#chrome-headless-disables-gpu-compositing" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Chrome headless disables GPU compositing</a></li><li><a href="#setting-up-chrome-linux-sandbox" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Setting Up Chrome Linux Sandbox</a><ul><li><a href="#recommended-enable-user-namespace-cloning" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">recommended Enable user namespace cloning</a></li><li><a href="#alternative-setup-setuid-sandbox" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">alternative Setup setuid sandbox</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#running-puppeteer-on-travis-ci" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Running Puppeteer on Travis CI</a></li><li><a href="#running-puppeteer-on-wsl-windows-subsystem-for-linux" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Running Puppeteer on WSL (Windows subsystem for Linux)</a></li><li><a href="#running-puppeteer-on-circleci" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Running Puppeteer on CircleCI</a></li><li><a href="#running-puppeteer-in-docker" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Running Puppeteer in Docker</a><ul><li><a href="#running-on-alpine" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Running on Alpine</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#running-puppeteer-on-gitlabci" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Running Puppeteer on GitlabCI</a></li><li><a href="#running-puppeteer-in-the-cloud" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Running Puppeteer in the cloud</a><ul><li><a href="#running-puppeteer-on-google-app-engine" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Running Puppeteer on Google App Engine</a></li><li><a href="#running-puppeteer-on-google-cloud-functions" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Running Puppeteer on Google Cloud Functions</a></li><li><a href="#running-puppeteer-on-google-cloud-run" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Running Puppeteer on Google Cloud Run</a></li><li><a href="#running-puppeteer-on-heroku" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Running Puppeteer on Heroku</a></li><li><a href="#running-puppeteer-on-aws-lambda" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Running Puppeteer on AWS Lambda</a></li><li><a href="#running-puppeteer-on-aws-ec2-instance-running-amazon-linux" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Running Puppeteer on AWS EC2 instance running Amazon-Linux</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#code-transpilation-issues" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Code Transpilation Issues</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Community</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/puppeteer" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Stack Overflow<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/chromedevtools" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li 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