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class="docMainContainer_gTbr"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_VOVn"><div class="docItemContainer_Djhp"><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><ul class="breadcrumbs" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="Home page" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_OVgt"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">Contributing</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: 16.1.0</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><h1>Contributing</h1><p>First of all, thank you for your interest in Puppeteer!
We&#x27;d love to accept your patches and contributions!</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="contributor-license-agreement">Contributor License Agreement<a class="hash-link" href="#contributor-license-agreement" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>Contributions to this project must be accompanied by a Contributor License
Agreement. You (or your employer) retain the copyright to your contribution,
this simply gives us permission to use and redistribute your contributions as
part of the project. Head over to <a href="https://cla.developers.google.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://cla.developers.google.com/</a> to see
your current agreements on file or to sign a new one.</p><p>You generally only need to submit a CLA once, so if you&#x27;ve already submitted one
(even if it was for a different project), you probably don&#x27;t need to do it
again.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="getting-code">Getting Code<a class="hash-link" href="#getting-code" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li>Clone this repository</li></ol><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">git</span><span class="token plain"> clone https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span><span class="token plain"> puppeteer</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><ol start="2"><li>Install the dependencies</li></ol><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">npm</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">install</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Downloads the Firefox binary for Firefox tests</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">PUPPETEER_PRODUCT</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">firefox </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">npm</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">install</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><ol start="3"><li>Build and run Puppeteer tests locally. For more information about tests, read
<a href="#running--writing-tests">Running &amp; Writing Tests</a>.</li></ol><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">npm</span><span class="token plain"> run build </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">npm</span><span class="token plain"> run </span><span class="token builtin class-name">test</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="code-reviews">Code reviews<a class="hash-link" href="#code-reviews" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>All submissions, including submissions by project members, require review. We
use GitHub pull requests for this purpose. Consult
<a href="https://help.github.com/articles/about-pull-requests/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">GitHub Help</a> for more
information on using pull requests.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="code-style">Code Style<a class="hash-link" href="#code-style" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>Our coding style is fully defined in
<a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/.eslintrc.js" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>.eslintrc</code></a>
(<a href="https://eslint.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ESLint</a>) and
<a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/.prettierrc.cjs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>.prettierrc.cjs</code></a>
(<a href="https://prettier.io" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Prettier</a>).</p><p>Code is checked during <code>pre-push</code> using
<a href="https://typicode.github.io/husky/#/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Husky</a>, but you can check your code
manually by running:</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">npm</span><span class="token plain"> run lint</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>If some errors are returned, you can attempt to fix them using:</p><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">npm</span><span class="token plain"> run </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">format</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="project-structure">Project structure<a class="hash-link" href="#project-structure" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>The following is a description of the primary folders in Puppeteer:</p><ul><li><code>src</code> - contains the source code for Puppeteer.</li><li><code>test/src</code> - contains the source code for Puppeteer tests.</li><li><code>utils</code>/<code>scripts</code> - contains various scripts.</li><li><code>utils/testserver</code> - contains the source code for our test servers in testing.</li><li><code>compat</code> - contains code separated by module import type. See <a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/compat/README.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>compat/README.md</code></a> for details.</li><li><code>test-d</code> contains type tests using <a href="https://github.com/SamVerschueren/tsd" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>tsd</code></a>.</li><li><code>vendor</code> contains all dependencies that we vendor into the final build. See the <a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/vendor/README.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>vendor/README.md</code></a> for details.</li></ul><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="shipping-cjs-and-esm-bundles">Shipping CJS and ESM bundles<a class="hash-link" href="#shipping-cjs-and-esm-bundles" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>Puppeteer ships both CommonJS and ES modules, therefore we maintain two <code>tsconfig</code> files for each project: <code>tsconfig.esm.json</code> and <code>tsconfig.cjs.json</code>. At build time we compile twice, once for CommonJS and once for ES modules.</p><p>We compile into the <code>lib</code> directory which is what we publish on the npm repository and it&#x27;s structured like so:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">lib</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">- cjs</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  - puppeteer &lt;== the output of compiling `src/tsconfig.cjs.json`</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  - vendor &lt;== the output of compiling `vendor/tsconfig.cjs.json`</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">- esm</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  - puppeteer &lt;== the output of compiling `src/tsconfig.esm.json`</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  - vendor &lt;== the output of compiling `vendor/tsconfig.esm.json`</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tsconfigjson-for-the-tests"><code>tsconfig.json</code> for the tests<a class="hash-link" href="#tsconfigjson-for-the-tests" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>We also maintain <code>test/tsconfig.json</code>. This is used to incrementally compile the unit test <code>*.spec.ts</code> files. Tests are run against the compiled code we ship to users so it gives us more confidence in our compiled output being correct.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="root-tsconfigjson">Root <code>tsconfig.json</code><a class="hash-link" href="#root-tsconfigjson" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>The root <code>tsconfig.json</code> exists for the API Extractor; it has to find a <code>tsconfig.json</code> in the project&#x27;s root directory.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="api-guidelines">API guidelines<a class="hash-link" href="#api-guidelines" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>When authoring new API methods, consider the following:</p><ul><li>Expose as little information as needed. When in doubt, don’t expose new information.</li><li>Methods are used in favor of getters/setters.<ul><li>The only exception is namespaces, e.g. <code>page.keyboard</code> and <code>page.coverage</code></li></ul></li><li>All string literals must be small case. This includes event names and option values.</li><li>Avoid adding &quot;sugar&quot; API (API that is trivially implementable in user-space) unless they&#x27;re <strong>very</strong> demanded.</li></ul><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="commit-messages">Commit messages<a class="hash-link" href="#commit-messages" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>Commit messages should follow <a href="https://www.conventionalcommits.org/en/v1.0.0/#summary" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">the Conventional Commits format</a>. This is enforced via <code>npm run commitlint</code>.</p><p>In particular, breaking changes should clearly be noted as “BREAKING CHANGE:” in the commit message footer. Example:</p><div class="codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-text codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">fix(page): fix page.pizza method</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">This patch fixes page.pizza so that it works with iframes.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">Issues: #123, #234</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">BREAKING CHANGE: page.pizza now delivers pizza at home by default.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">To deliver to a different location, use the &quot;deliver&quot; option:</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  `page.pizza({deliver: &#x27;work&#x27;})`.</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="writing-documentation">Writing documentation<a class="hash-link" href="#writing-documentation" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>Documentation is generated via <code>npm run docs</code>. It is automatically published to our documentation site on merge and gets versioned on release.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="writing-tsdoc-comments">Writing TSDoc comments<a class="hash-link" href="#writing-tsdoc-comments" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>Each change to Puppeteer should be thoroughly documented using TSDoc comments. Refer to the <a href="https://api-extractor.com/pages/tsdoc/doc_comment_syntax/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">API Extractor documentation</a> for information on the exact syntax.</p><ul><li>Every new method needs to have either <code>@public</code> or <code>@internal</code> added as a tag depending on if it is part of the public API.</li><li>Keep each line in a comment to no more than 90 characters (ESLint will warn you if you go over this). If you&#x27;re a VSCode user the <a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=stkb.rewrap" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rewrap plugin</a> is highly recommended!</li></ul><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="running-the-documentation-site-locally">Running the documentation site locally<a class="hash-link" href="#running-the-documentation-site-locally" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ol><li>At root, install all dependencies with <code>npm i</code>.</li><li>run <code>npm run docs</code> which will generate all the <code>.md</code> files on <code>puppeteer/docs/api</code>.</li><li>run <code>npm i</code> in <code>puppeteer/website</code>.</li><li>run <code>npm start</code> in <code>puppeteer/website</code>.</li></ol><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="adding-new-dependencies">Adding new dependencies<a class="hash-link" href="#adding-new-dependencies" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>For all dependencies (both installation and development):</p><ul><li><strong>Do not add</strong> a dependency if the desired functionality is easily implementable.</li><li>If adding a dependency, it should be well-maintained and trustworthy.</li></ul><p>A barrier for introducing new installation dependencies is especially high:</p><ul><li><strong>Do not add</strong> installation dependency unless it&#x27;s critical to project success.</li></ul><p>There are additional considerations for dependencies that are environment agonistic. See the <a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/vendor/README.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>vendor/README.md</code></a> for details.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="running--writing-tests">Running &amp; Writing Tests<a class="hash-link" href="#running--writing-tests" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><ul><li>Every feature should be accompanied by a test.</li><li>Every public api event/method should be accompanied by a test.</li><li>Tests should not depend on external services.</li><li>Tests should work on all three platforms: Mac, Linux and Win. This is especially important for screenshot tests.</li></ul><p>Puppeteer tests are located in <a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/test/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">the <code>test</code> directory</a> and are written using Mocha. See <a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/test/README.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>test/README.md</code></a> for more details.</p><p>Despite being named &#x27;unit&#x27;, these are integration tests, making sure public API methods and events work as expected.</p><ul><li>To run all tests:</li></ul><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">npm</span><span class="token plain"> run </span><span class="token builtin class-name">test</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><ul><li>To run a specific test, substitute the <code>it</code> with <code>it.only</code>:</li></ul><div class="language-ts codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-ts codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  it</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">only</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&#x27;should work&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">server</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> page</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> response </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> page</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">goto</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">server</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token constant" style="color:#36acaa">EMPTY_PAGE</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">expect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">response</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">ok</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><ul><li>To disable a specific test, substitute the <code>it</code> with <code>xit</code> (mnemonic rule: &#x27;<em>cross it</em>&#x27;):</li></ul><div class="language-ts codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-ts codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">...</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic">// Using &quot;xit&quot; to skip specific test</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">xit</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">&#x27;should work&#x27;</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">function</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain">server</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> page</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">const</span><span class="token plain"> response </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">await</span><span class="token plain"> page</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">goto</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">server</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token constant" style="color:#36acaa">EMPTY_PAGE</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">    </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">expect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">response</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">ok</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token boolean" style="color:#36acaa">true</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">  </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">;</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><ul><li>To run Chrome tests in non-headless mode:</li></ul><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">HEADLESS</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">false </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">npm</span><span class="token plain"> run test:chrome</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><ul><li>To run Firefox tests, firstly ensure you have Firefox installed locally (you only need to do this once, not on every test run) and then you can run the tests:</li></ul><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">PUPPETEER_PRODUCT</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain">firefox </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">npm</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">install</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">npm</span><span class="token plain"> run test:firefox</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><ul><li>To run experimental Chromium MacOS ARM tests, firstly ensure you have correct Chromium version installed locally (you only need to do this once, not on every test run) and then you can run the tests:</li></ul><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">PUPPETEER_EXPERIMENTAL_CHROMIUM_MAC_ARM</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">npm</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">install</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">PUPPETEER_EXPERIMENTAL_CHROMIUM_MAC_ARM</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token number" style="color:#36acaa">1</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">npm</span><span class="token plain"> run test:chrome</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><ul><li>To run tests with custom browser executable:</li></ul><div class="language-bash codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-bash codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token assign-left variable" style="color:#36acaa">BINARY</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&lt;</span><span class="token plain">path-to-executable</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">npm</span><span class="token plain"> run test:chrome </span><span class="token comment" style="color:#999988;font-style:italic"># Or npm run test:firefox</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="api-coverage">API Coverage<a class="hash-link" href="#api-coverage" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>Every public API method or event should be called at least once in tests. To ensure this, the main <code>test</code> command runs coverage during testing.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="debugging-puppeteer">Debugging Puppeteer<a class="hash-link" href="#debugging-puppeteer" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>See <a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/README.md#debugging-tips" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Debugging Tips</a> in the readme.</p><h1>For Project Maintainers</h1><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="rolling-new-chromium-version">Rolling new Chromium version<a class="hash-link" href="#rolling-new-chromium-version" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>The following steps are needed to update the Chromium version.</p><ol><li>Find a suitable Chromium revision
Not all revisions have builds for all platforms, so we need to find one that does.
To do so, run <code>utils/check_availability.js -rd</code> to find the latest suitable <code>dev</code> Chromium revision (see <code>utils/check_availability.js -help</code> for more options).</li><li>Update <code>src/revisions.ts</code> with the found revision number.</li><li>Update <code>versions.js</code> with the new Chromium-to-Puppeteer version mapping and update <code>lastMaintainedChromiumVersion</code> with the latest stable Chrome version.</li><li>Run <code>npm run check:protocol-revision</code>.
If it fails, update <code>package.json</code> with the expected <code>devtools-protocol</code> version.</li><li>Run <code>npm run build</code> and <code>npm install</code>.</li><li>Run <code>npm test</code> and ensure that all tests pass. If a test fails, <a href="#bisecting-upstream-changes">bisect</a> the upstream cause of the failure, and either update the test expectations accordingly (if it was an intended change) or work around the changes in Puppeteer (if it’s not desirable to change Puppeteer’s observable behavior).</li><li>Commit and push your changes and open a pull request.
The commit message must contain the version in <code>Chromium &lt;version&gt; (&lt;revision&gt;)</code> format to ensure that <a href="https://pptr.dev/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">pptr.dev</a> can parse it correctly, e.g. <code>&#x27;feat(chromium): roll to Chromium 90.0.4427.0 (r856583)&#x27;</code>.</li></ol><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="bisecting-upstream-changes">Bisecting upstream changes<a class="hash-link" href="#bisecting-upstream-changes" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h3><p>Sometimes, performing a Chromium roll causes tests to fail. To figure out the cause, you need to bisect Chromium revisions to figure out the earliest possible revision that changed the behavior. The script in <code>utils/bisect.js</code> can be helpful here. Given a pattern for one or more unit tests, it will automatically bisect the current range:</p><div class="language-sh codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-sh codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">node utils/bisect.js --good 686378 --bad 706915 script.js</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">node utils/bisect.js --unit-test Response.fromCache</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>By default, it will use the Chromium revision in <code>src/revisions.ts</code> from the <code>main</code> branch and from the working tree to determine the range to bisect.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="releasing-to-npm">Releasing to npm<a class="hash-link" href="#releasing-to-npm" title="Direct link to heading"></a></h2><p>We use <a href="https://github.com/googleapis/release-please" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">release-please</a> to automate releases. When a release should be done, check for the release PR in our <a href="https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/pulls" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">pull requests</a> and merge it.</p></div></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages navigation"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/troubleshooting"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Troubleshooting</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/chromium-support"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Chromium Support</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#contributor-license-agreement" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Contributor License Agreement</a></li><li><a href="#getting-code" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Getting Code</a></li><li><a href="#code-reviews" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Code reviews</a></li><li><a href="#code-style" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Code Style</a></li><li><a href="#project-structure" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Project structure</a><ul><li><a href="#shipping-cjs-and-esm-bundles" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Shipping CJS and ESM bundles</a></li><li><a href="#tsconfigjson-for-the-tests" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight"><code>tsconfig.json</code> for the tests</a></li><li><a href="#root-tsconfigjson" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Root <code>tsconfig.json</code></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#api-guidelines" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">API guidelines</a></li><li><a href="#commit-messages" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Commit messages</a></li><li><a href="#writing-documentation" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Writing documentation</a></li><li><a href="#writing-tsdoc-comments" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Writing TSDoc comments</a></li><li><a href="#running-the-documentation-site-locally" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Running the documentation site locally</a></li><li><a href="#adding-new-dependencies" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Adding new dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#running--writing-tests" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Running &amp; Writing Tests</a></li><li><a href="#api-coverage" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">API Coverage</a></li><li><a href="#debugging-puppeteer" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Debugging Puppeteer</a></li><li><a href="#rolling-new-chromium-version" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Rolling new Chromium version</a><ul><li><a href="#bisecting-upstream-changes" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Bisecting upstream changes</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#releasing-to-npm" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Releasing to npm</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Community</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/puppeteer" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Stack Overflow<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/chromedevtools" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://goo.gle/devtools-youtube" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">YouTube<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">Copyright © 2022 Google, Inc.</div></div></div></footer></div>
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