# thunderstrike.ai intern resources

## rust
**Rust** is a strongly-typed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_safety"><sup>[type safety]</sup></a>
systems programming language <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_programming_language"><sup>[systems programming language]</sup></a>.

### In brief
<ul>
  <li>Error handling is done with a special type that represents "the `Result` of this may be an error"</li>
  <li>Null values are represented by special type that represents "this value is `Option`al"</li>
  <li>Rust programs are incredibly fast and predictable</li>
</ul>

## purescript
**Purescript** is a strongly-typed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_safety"><sup>[type safety]</sup></a>
purely functional <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purely_functional_programming"><sup>[purely functional]</sup></a>
programming language that compiles to javascript (like typescript).

### In brief
<ul>
  <li>Error handling is done with a special type that represents "`Either` it succeeded or failed"</li>
  <li>Null values are represented by special type that represents "`Maybe` it's present or not"</li>
  <li>
  effectful code
  <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side_effect_(computer_science)"><sup>[side effect]</sup></a>
  is isolated from non-effectful code. This makes programs much more consistent to run and reason about.
  </li>
  <li>everything is an expression</li>
  <li>interacting with raw javascript is relatively painless</li>
</ul>

### Motivating example: React vs Halogen
You don't have to understand exactly how these examples work,
I'm providing them simply for you to glance over and get a feeling
for reading typescript/javascript vs purescript.

This app:
 1. renders `"Loading..."` until either data or error
 1. fetches data from a server
 1. if ok, render items in a list. if error, render error span at the bottom of the page.

<details>
<summary><b>React (click to expand)</b></summary>

```typescript
type Item = {id: string, title: string, description: string}

export const App: () => React.Node = () => {
  const [items, setItems] = React.useState<Array<Item> | undefined>(undefined)
  const [error, setError] = React.useState<Error | undefined>(undefined)

  React.useEffect(() => {
    fetch('/api/item')
      .then(rep => rep.json<Array<Item>>())
      .then(items => setItems(items))
      .catch(e => setError(e))
  }, [])

  return error !== undefined
    ? (<p class="error">{error.message}</p>)
    : items === undefined
    ? (<p>Loading...</p>)
    : items.map(item => {
        return (
          <div key={item.id}>
            <p>{item.title}</p>
            <span class="small">
              {item.description}
            </span>
          </div>
        )
      })
}
```

</details>

<details>
<summary><b>Purescript Halogen (click to expand)</b></summary>

```haskell
type Item = { id :: String, title :: String, description :: String }

data State
  = StateEmpty
  | StateErrored Error
  | StateGotItems (Array Item)

data Action = ActionInit

renderItem item = div [] [ p [] [text item.title]
                         , span
                             [className "small"]
                             [text item.description]
                         ]

renderApp StateEmpty = p [] [text "Loading..."]
renderApp (StateErrored e) = p [className "error"] [text (message e)]
renderApp (StateGotItems items) = map renderItem items

action ActionInit = do
  response <- fetch (URL "/api/item") {method: Get}
  jsonString <- text response
  itemsOrError <- readJSON jsonString
  case itemsOrError of
    Right items -> put (StateGotItems items)
    Left error -> put (StateErrored error)

app = mkComponent
  { initialState: StateEmpty
  , render: renderApp
  , eval: mkEval ( defaultEval { handleAction = action, initialize: Just ActionInit } )
  }
```

</details>

## Further reading
 * [purescript website](https://www.purescript.org/)
 * [purescript by example (free online book)](https://book.purescript.org/)
 * [purescript in depth (free online book)](https://leanpub.com/purescript/read)
 * [rust website](https://www.rust-lang.org/)
 * [rust book (free online book)](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/)