diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 8c025186..43e7be3a 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     "generate-docs": "npm run tsc && api-extractor run --local --verbose && api-documenter markdown -i temp -o new-docs",
     "ensure-new-docs-up-to-date": "npm run generate-docs && git status && exit `git status --porcelain | head -255 | wc -l`",
     "generate-dependency-graph": "echo 'Requires graphviz installed locally!' && depcruise --exclude 'api.ts' --do-not-follow '^node_modules' --output-type dot src/index.ts | dot -T png > dependency-chart.png",
-    "ensure-correct-devtools-protocol-revision": "ts-node scripts/ensure-correct-devtools-protocol-package"
+    "ensure-correct-devtools-protocol-revision": "ts-node -s scripts/ensure-correct-devtools-protocol-package"
   },
   "files": [
     "lib/",
diff --git a/scripts/tsconfig.json b/scripts/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8d84217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "extends": "../tsconfig.json",
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "module": "CommonJS"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/common/DOMWorld.ts b/src/common/DOMWorld.ts
index bb859dc0..d078116a 100644
--- a/src/common/DOMWorld.ts
+++ b/src/common/DOMWorld.ts
@@ -275,12 +275,8 @@ export class DOMWorld {
           'Cannot pass a filepath to addScriptTag in the browser environment.'
         );
       }
-      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires
-      const fs = require('fs');
-      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires
-      const { promisify } = require('util');
-      const readFileAsync = promisify(fs.readFile);
-      let contents = await readFileAsync(path, 'utf8');
+      const fs = await import('fs');
+      let contents = await fs.promises.readFile(path, 'utf8');
       contents += '//# sourceURL=' + path.replace(/\n/g, '');
       const context = await this.executionContext();
       return (
@@ -361,12 +357,8 @@ export class DOMWorld {
           'Cannot pass a filepath to addStyleTag in the browser environment.'
         );
       }
-      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires
-      const fs = require('fs');
-      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires
-      const { promisify } = require('util');
-      const readFileAsync = promisify(fs.readFile);
-      let contents = await readFileAsync(path, 'utf8');
+      const fs = await import('fs');
+      let contents = await fs.promises.readFile(path, 'utf8');
       contents += '/*# sourceURL=' + path.replace(/\n/g, '') + '*/';
       const context = await this.executionContext();
       return (
diff --git a/src/common/JSHandle.ts b/src/common/JSHandle.ts
index afb6fc7e..ebf31517 100644
--- a/src/common/JSHandle.ts
+++ b/src/common/JSHandle.ts
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import {
   WrapElementHandle,
   UnwrapPromiseLike,
 } from './EvalTypes.js';
+import { isNode } from '../environment.js';
 
 export interface BoxModel {
   content: Array<{ x: number; y: number }>;
@@ -556,22 +557,22 @@ export class ElementHandle<
       'Multiple file uploads only work with <input type=file multiple>'
     );
 
+    if (!isNode) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `JSHandle#uploadFile can only be used in Node environments.`
+      );
+    }
     // This import is only needed for `uploadFile`, so keep it scoped here to avoid paying
     // the cost unnecessarily.
+    const path = await import('path');
     // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires
-    const path = require('path');
-    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires
-    const fs = require('fs');
-    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires
-    const { promisify } = require('util');
-    const access = promisify(fs.access);
-
+    const fs = await import('fs');
     // Locate all files and confirm that they exist.
     const files = await Promise.all(
       filePaths.map(async (filePath) => {
         const resolvedPath: string = path.resolve(filePath);
         try {
-          await access(resolvedPath, fs.constants.R_OK);
+          await fs.promises.access(resolvedPath, fs.constants.R_OK);
         } catch (error) {
           if (error.code === 'ENOENT')
             throw new Error(`${filePath} does not exist or is not readable`);
diff --git a/src/common/Page.ts b/src/common/Page.ts
index 4000415c..a6b2146c 100644
--- a/src/common/Page.ts
+++ b/src/common/Page.ts
@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-import * as fs from 'fs';
-import { promisify } from 'util';
 import { EventEmitter } from './EventEmitter.js';
 import {
   Connection,
@@ -57,8 +55,7 @@ import {
   UnwrapPromiseLike,
 } from './EvalTypes.js';
 import { PDFOptions, paperFormats } from './PDFOptions.js';
-
-const writeFileAsync = promisify(fs.writeFile);
+import { isNode } from '../environment.js';
 
 /**
  * @public
@@ -1750,7 +1747,13 @@ export class Page extends EventEmitter {
       options.encoding === 'base64'
         ? result.data
         : Buffer.from(result.data, 'base64');
-    if (options.path) await writeFileAsync(options.path, buffer);
+    if (!isNode && options.path) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Screenshots can only be written to a file path in a Node environment.'
+      );
+    }
+    const fs = await import('fs');
+    if (options.path) await fs.promises.writeFile(options.path, buffer);
     return buffer;
 
     function processClip(
diff --git a/src/common/helper.ts b/src/common/helper.ts
index 218c41c2..72c51c0e 100644
--- a/src/common/helper.ts
+++ b/src/common/helper.ts
@@ -17,15 +17,10 @@ import { TimeoutError } from './Errors.js';
 import { debug } from './Debug.js';
 import * as fs from 'fs';
 import { CDPSession } from './Connection.js';
-import { promisify } from 'util';
 import { Protocol } from 'devtools-protocol';
 import { CommonEventEmitter } from './EventEmitter.js';
 import { assert } from './assert.js';
 
-const openAsync = promisify(fs.open);
-const writeAsync = promisify(fs.write);
-const closeAsync = promisify(fs.close);
-
 export const debugError = debug('puppeteer:error');
 
 function getExceptionMessage(
@@ -207,8 +202,10 @@ async function readProtocolStream(
   path?: string
 ): Promise<Buffer> {
   let eof = false;
-  let file;
-  if (path) file = await openAsync(path, 'w');
+  let fileHandle: fs.promises.FileHandle;
+  if (path) {
+    fileHandle = await fs.promises.open(path, 'w');
+  }
   const bufs = [];
   while (!eof) {
     const response = await client.send('IO.read', { handle });
@@ -218,9 +215,9 @@ async function readProtocolStream(
       response.base64Encoded ? 'base64' : undefined
     );
     bufs.push(buf);
-    if (path) await writeAsync(file, buf);
+    if (path) await fs.promises.writeFile(fileHandle, buf);
   }
-  if (path) await closeAsync(file);
+  if (path) await fileHandle.close();
   await client.send('IO.close', { handle });
   let resultBuffer = null;
   try {
diff --git a/test/tsconfig.test.json b/test/tsconfig.test.json
index 6ae022f6..34324412 100644
--- a/test/tsconfig.test.json
+++ b/test/tsconfig.test.json
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 {
   "extends": "../tsconfig.base.json",
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "module": "CommonJS"
+  }
 }
diff --git a/tsconfig.base.json b/tsconfig.base.json
index 31a7a463..97d1cd06 100644
--- a/tsconfig.base.json
+++ b/tsconfig.base.json
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
     "checkJs": true,
     "target": "ESNext",
     "moduleResolution": "node",
+    "module": "ESNext",
     "declaration": true,
     "declarationMap": true,
     "resolveJsonModule": true