# Puppeteer API Tip-Of-Tree > Next Release: **Jan 31, 2019** - API Translations: [中文|Chinese](https://zhaoqize.github.io/puppeteer-api-zh_CN/#/) - Releases per Chromium Version: * Chromium 72.0.3582.0 - [Puppeteer v1.10.0](https://github.com/GoogleChrome/puppeteer/blob/v1.10.0/docs/api.md) * Chromium 71.0.3563.0 - [Puppeteer v1.9.0](https://github.com/GoogleChrome/puppeteer/blob/v1.9.0/docs/api.md) * Chromium 70.0.3508.0 - [Puppeteer v1.7.0](https://github.com/GoogleChrome/puppeteer/blob/v1.7.0/docs/api.md) * Chromium 69.0.3494.0 - [Puppeteer v1.6.2](https://github.com/GoogleChrome/puppeteer/blob/v1.6.2/docs/api.md) * Chromium 68.0.3419.0 - [Puppeteer v1.4.0](https://github.com/GoogleChrome/puppeteer/blob/v1.4.0/docs/api.md) * Chromium 67.0.3392.0 - [Puppeteer v1.3.0](https://github.com/GoogleChrome/puppeteer/blob/v1.3.0/docs/api.md) * [All releases](https://github.com/GoogleChrome/puppeteer/releases) ##### Table of Contents - [Overview](#overview) - [puppeteer vs puppeteer-core](#puppeteer-vs-puppeteer-core) - [Environment Variables](#environment-variables) - [Error handling](#error-handling) - [Working with Chrome Extensions](#working-with-chrome-extensions) - [class: Puppeteer](#class-puppeteer) * [puppeteer.connect(options)](#puppeteerconnectoptions) * [puppeteer.createBrowserFetcher([options])](#puppeteercreatebrowserfetcheroptions) * [puppeteer.defaultArgs([options])](#puppeteerdefaultargsoptions) * [puppeteer.executablePath()](#puppeteerexecutablepath) * [puppeteer.launch([options])](#puppeteerlaunchoptions) - [class: BrowserFetcher](#class-browserfetcher) * [browserFetcher.canDownload(revision)](#browserfetchercandownloadrevision) * [browserFetcher.download(revision[, progressCallback])](#browserfetcherdownloadrevision-progresscallback) * [browserFetcher.localRevisions()](#browserfetcherlocalrevisions) * [browserFetcher.platform()](#browserfetcherplatform) * [browserFetcher.remove(revision)](#browserfetcherremoverevision) * [browserFetcher.revisionInfo(revision)](#browserfetcherrevisioninforevision) - [class: Browser](#class-browser) * [event: 'disconnected'](#event-disconnected) * [event: 'targetchanged'](#event-targetchanged) * [event: 'targetcreated'](#event-targetcreated) * [event: 'targetdestroyed'](#event-targetdestroyed) * [browser.browserContexts()](#browserbrowsercontexts) * [browser.close()](#browserclose) * [browser.createIncognitoBrowserContext()](#browsercreateincognitobrowsercontext) * [browser.defaultBrowserContext()](#browserdefaultbrowsercontext) * [browser.disconnect()](#browserdisconnect) * [browser.newPage()](#browsernewpage) * [browser.pages()](#browserpages) * [browser.process()](#browserprocess) * [browser.target()](#browsertarget) * [browser.targets()](#browsertargets) * [browser.userAgent()](#browseruseragent) * [browser.version()](#browserversion) * [browser.waitForTarget(predicate[, options])](#browserwaitfortargetpredicate-options) * [browser.wsEndpoint()](#browserwsendpoint) - [class: BrowserContext](#class-browsercontext) * [event: 'targetchanged'](#event-targetchanged-1) * [event: 'targetcreated'](#event-targetcreated-1) * [event: 'targetdestroyed'](#event-targetdestroyed-1) * [browserContext.browser()](#browsercontextbrowser) * [browserContext.clearPermissionOverrides()](#browsercontextclearpermissionoverrides) * [browserContext.close()](#browsercontextclose) * [browserContext.isIncognito()](#browsercontextisincognito) * [browserContext.newPage()](#browsercontextnewpage) * [browserContext.overridePermissions(origin, permissions)](#browsercontextoverridepermissionsorigin-permissions) * [browserContext.pages()](#browsercontextpages) * [browserContext.targets()](#browsercontexttargets) * [browserContext.waitForTarget(predicate[, options])](#browsercontextwaitfortargetpredicate-options) - [class: Page](#class-page) * [event: 'close'](#event-close) * [event: 'console'](#event-console) * [event: 'dialog'](#event-dialog) * [event: 'domcontentloaded'](#event-domcontentloaded) * [event: 'error'](#event-error) * [event: 'frameattached'](#event-frameattached) * [event: 'framedetached'](#event-framedetached) * [event: 'framenavigated'](#event-framenavigated) * [event: 'load'](#event-load) * [event: 'metrics'](#event-metrics) * [event: 'pageerror'](#event-pageerror) * [event: 'popup'](#event-popup) * [event: 'request'](#event-request) * [event: 'requestfailed'](#event-requestfailed) * [event: 'requestfinished'](#event-requestfinished) * [event: 'response'](#event-response) * [event: 'workercreated'](#event-workercreated) * [event: 'workerdestroyed'](#event-workerdestroyed) * [page.$(selector)](#pageselector) * [page.$$(selector)](#pageselector-1) * [page.$$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])](#pageevalselector-pagefunction-args) * [page.$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])](#pageevalselector-pagefunction-args-1) * [page.$x(expression)](#pagexexpression) * [page.accessibility](#pageaccessibility) * [page.addScriptTag(options)](#pageaddscripttagoptions) * [page.addStyleTag(options)](#pageaddstyletagoptions) * [page.authenticate(credentials)](#pageauthenticatecredentials) * [page.bringToFront()](#pagebringtofront) * [page.browser()](#pagebrowser) * [page.browserContext()](#pagebrowsercontext) * [page.click(selector[, options])](#pageclickselector-options) * [page.close([options])](#pagecloseoptions) * [page.content()](#pagecontent) * [page.cookies([...urls])](#pagecookiesurls) * [page.coverage](#pagecoverage) * [page.deleteCookie(...cookies)](#pagedeletecookiecookies) * [page.emulate(options)](#pageemulateoptions) * [page.emulateMedia(mediaType)](#pageemulatemediamediatype) * [page.evaluate(pageFunction[, ...args])](#pageevaluatepagefunction-args) * [page.evaluateHandle(pageFunction[, ...args])](#pageevaluatehandlepagefunction-args) * [page.evaluateOnNewDocument(pageFunction[, ...args])](#pageevaluateonnewdocumentpagefunction-args) * [page.exposeFunction(name, puppeteerFunction)](#pageexposefunctionname-puppeteerfunction) * [page.focus(selector)](#pagefocusselector) * [page.frames()](#pageframes) * [page.goBack([options])](#pagegobackoptions) * [page.goForward([options])](#pagegoforwardoptions) * [page.goto(url[, options])](#pagegotourl-options) * [page.hover(selector)](#pagehoverselector) * [page.isClosed()](#pageisclosed) * [page.keyboard](#pagekeyboard) * [page.mainFrame()](#pagemainframe) * [page.metrics()](#pagemetrics) * [page.mouse](#pagemouse) * [page.pdf([options])](#pagepdfoptions) * [page.queryObjects(prototypeHandle)](#pagequeryobjectsprototypehandle) * [page.reload([options])](#pagereloadoptions) * [page.screenshot([options])](#pagescreenshotoptions) * [page.select(selector, ...values)](#pageselectselector-values) * [page.setBypassCSP(enabled)](#pagesetbypasscspenabled) * [page.setCacheEnabled([enabled])](#pagesetcacheenabledenabled) * [page.setContent(html[, options])](#pagesetcontenthtml-options) * [page.setCookie(...cookies)](#pagesetcookiecookies) * [page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout)](#pagesetdefaultnavigationtimeouttimeout) * [page.setExtraHTTPHeaders(headers)](#pagesetextrahttpheadersheaders) * [page.setGeolocation(options)](#pagesetgeolocationoptions) * [page.setJavaScriptEnabled(enabled)](#pagesetjavascriptenabledenabled) * [page.setOfflineMode(enabled)](#pagesetofflinemodeenabled) * [page.setRequestInterception(value)](#pagesetrequestinterceptionvalue) * [page.setUserAgent(userAgent)](#pagesetuseragentuseragent) * [page.setViewport(viewport)](#pagesetviewportviewport) * [page.tap(selector)](#pagetapselector) * [page.target()](#pagetarget) * [page.title()](#pagetitle) * [page.touchscreen](#pagetouchscreen) * [page.tracing](#pagetracing) * [page.type(selector, text[, options])](#pagetypeselector-text-options) * [page.url()](#pageurl) * [page.viewport()](#pageviewport) * [page.waitFor(selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout[, options[, ...args]])](#pagewaitforselectororfunctionortimeout-options-args) * [page.waitForFunction(pageFunction[, options[, ...args]])](#pagewaitforfunctionpagefunction-options-args) * [page.waitForNavigation([options])](#pagewaitfornavigationoptions) * [page.waitForRequest(urlOrPredicate[, options])](#pagewaitforrequesturlorpredicate-options) * [page.waitForResponse(urlOrPredicate[, options])](#pagewaitforresponseurlorpredicate-options) * [page.waitForSelector(selector[, options])](#pagewaitforselectorselector-options) * [page.waitForXPath(xpath[, options])](#pagewaitforxpathxpath-options) * [page.workers()](#pageworkers) - [class: Worker](#class-worker) * [worker.evaluate(pageFunction[, ...args])](#workerevaluatepagefunction-args) * [worker.evaluateHandle(pageFunction[, ...args])](#workerevaluatehandlepagefunction-args) * [worker.executionContext()](#workerexecutioncontext) * [worker.url()](#workerurl) - [class: Accessibility](#class-accessibility) * [accessibility.snapshot([options])](#accessibilitysnapshotoptions) - [class: Keyboard](#class-keyboard) * [keyboard.down(key[, options])](#keyboarddownkey-options) * [keyboard.press(key[, options])](#keyboardpresskey-options) * [keyboard.sendCharacter(char)](#keyboardsendcharacterchar) * [keyboard.type(text[, options])](#keyboardtypetext-options) * [keyboard.up(key)](#keyboardupkey) - [class: Mouse](#class-mouse) * [mouse.click(x, y[, options])](#mouseclickx-y-options) * [mouse.down([options])](#mousedownoptions) * [mouse.move(x, y[, options])](#mousemovex-y-options) * [mouse.up([options])](#mouseupoptions) - [class: Touchscreen](#class-touchscreen) * [touchscreen.tap(x, y)](#touchscreentapx-y) - [class: Tracing](#class-tracing) * [tracing.start(options)](#tracingstartoptions) * [tracing.stop()](#tracingstop) - [class: Dialog](#class-dialog) * [dialog.accept([promptText])](#dialogacceptprompttext) * [dialog.defaultValue()](#dialogdefaultvalue) * [dialog.dismiss()](#dialogdismiss) * [dialog.message()](#dialogmessage) * [dialog.type()](#dialogtype) - [class: ConsoleMessage](#class-consolemessage) * [consoleMessage.args()](#consolemessageargs) * [consoleMessage.location()](#consolemessagelocation) * [consoleMessage.text()](#consolemessagetext) * [consoleMessage.type()](#consolemessagetype) - [class: Frame](#class-frame) * [frame.$(selector)](#frameselector) * [frame.$$(selector)](#frameselector-1) * [frame.$$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])](#frameevalselector-pagefunction-args) * [frame.$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])](#frameevalselector-pagefunction-args-1) * [frame.$x(expression)](#framexexpression) * [frame.addScriptTag(options)](#frameaddscripttagoptions) * [frame.addStyleTag(options)](#frameaddstyletagoptions) * [frame.childFrames()](#framechildframes) * [frame.click(selector[, options])](#frameclickselector-options) * [frame.content()](#framecontent) * [frame.evaluate(pageFunction[, ...args])](#frameevaluatepagefunction-args) * [frame.evaluateHandle(pageFunction[, ...args])](#frameevaluatehandlepagefunction-args) * [frame.executionContext()](#frameexecutioncontext) * [frame.focus(selector)](#framefocusselector) * [frame.goto(url[, options])](#framegotourl-options) * [frame.hover(selector)](#framehoverselector) * [frame.isDetached()](#frameisdetached) * [frame.name()](#framename) * [frame.parentFrame()](#frameparentframe) * [frame.select(selector, ...values)](#frameselectselector-values) * [frame.setContent(html[, options])](#framesetcontenthtml-options) * [frame.tap(selector)](#frametapselector) * [frame.title()](#frametitle) * [frame.type(selector, text[, options])](#frametypeselector-text-options) * [frame.url()](#frameurl) * [frame.waitFor(selectorOrFunctionOrTimeout[, options[, ...args]])](#framewaitforselectororfunctionortimeout-options-args) * [frame.waitForFunction(pageFunction[, options[, ...args]])](#framewaitforfunctionpagefunction-options-args) * [frame.waitForNavigation([options])](#framewaitfornavigationoptions) * [frame.waitForSelector(selector[, options])](#framewaitforselectorselector-options) * [frame.waitForXPath(xpath[, options])](#framewaitforxpathxpath-options) - [class: ExecutionContext](#class-executioncontext) * [executionContext.evaluate(pageFunction[, ...args])](#executioncontextevaluatepagefunction-args) * [executionContext.evaluateHandle(pageFunction[, ...args])](#executioncontextevaluatehandlepagefunction-args) * [executionContext.frame()](#executioncontextframe) * [executionContext.queryObjects(prototypeHandle)](#executioncontextqueryobjectsprototypehandle) - [class: JSHandle](#class-jshandle) * [jsHandle.asElement()](#jshandleaselement) * [jsHandle.dispose()](#jshandledispose) * [jsHandle.executionContext()](#jshandleexecutioncontext) * [jsHandle.getProperties()](#jshandlegetproperties) * [jsHandle.getProperty(propertyName)](#jshandlegetpropertypropertyname) * [jsHandle.jsonValue()](#jshandlejsonvalue) - [class: ElementHandle](#class-elementhandle) * [elementHandle.$(selector)](#elementhandleselector) * [elementHandle.$$(selector)](#elementhandleselector-1) * [elementHandle.$$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])](#elementhandleevalselector-pagefunction-args) * [elementHandle.$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args])](#elementhandleevalselector-pagefunction-args-1) * [elementHandle.$x(expression)](#elementhandlexexpression) * [elementHandle.asElement()](#elementhandleaselement) * [elementHandle.boundingBox()](#elementhandleboundingbox) * [elementHandle.boxModel()](#elementhandleboxmodel) * [elementHandle.click([options])](#elementhandleclickoptions) * [elementHandle.contentFrame()](#elementhandlecontentframe) * [elementHandle.dispose()](#elementhandledispose) * [elementHandle.executionContext()](#elementhandleexecutioncontext) * [elementHandle.focus()](#elementhandlefocus) * [elementHandle.getProperties()](#elementhandlegetproperties) * [elementHandle.getProperty(propertyName)](#elementhandlegetpropertypropertyname) * [elementHandle.hover()](#elementhandlehover) * [elementHandle.isIntersectingViewport()](#elementhandleisintersectingviewport) * [elementHandle.jsonValue()](#elementhandlejsonvalue) * [elementHandle.press(key[, options])](#elementhandlepresskey-options) * [elementHandle.screenshot([options])](#elementhandlescreenshotoptions) * [elementHandle.tap()](#elementhandletap) * [elementHandle.toString()](#elementhandletostring) * [elementHandle.type(text[, options])](#elementhandletypetext-options) * [elementHandle.uploadFile(...filePaths)](#elementhandleuploadfilefilepaths) - [class: Request](#class-request) * [request.abort([errorCode])](#requestaborterrorcode) * [request.continue([overrides])](#requestcontinueoverrides) * [request.failure()](#requestfailure) * [request.frame()](#requestframe) * [request.headers()](#requestheaders) * [request.isNavigationRequest()](#requestisnavigationrequest) * [request.method()](#requestmethod) * [request.postData()](#requestpostdata) * [request.redirectChain()](#requestredirectchain) * [request.resourceType()](#requestresourcetype) * [request.respond(response)](#requestrespondresponse) * [request.response()](#requestresponse) * [request.url()](#requesturl) - [class: Response](#class-response) * [response.buffer()](#responsebuffer) * [response.frame()](#responseframe) * [response.fromCache()](#responsefromcache) * [response.fromServiceWorker()](#responsefromserviceworker) * [response.headers()](#responseheaders) * [response.json()](#responsejson) * [response.ok()](#responseok) * [response.remoteAddress()](#responseremoteaddress) * [response.request()](#responserequest) * [response.securityDetails()](#responsesecuritydetails) * [response.status()](#responsestatus) * [response.statusText()](#responsestatustext) * [response.text()](#responsetext) * [response.url()](#responseurl) - [class: SecurityDetails](#class-securitydetails) * [securityDetails.issuer()](#securitydetailsissuer) * [securityDetails.protocol()](#securitydetailsprotocol) * [securityDetails.subjectName()](#securitydetailssubjectname) * [securityDetails.validFrom()](#securitydetailsvalidfrom) * [securityDetails.validTo()](#securitydetailsvalidto) - [class: Target](#class-target) * [target.browser()](#targetbrowser) * [target.browserContext()](#targetbrowsercontext) * [target.createCDPSession()](#targetcreatecdpsession) * [target.opener()](#targetopener) * [target.page()](#targetpage) * [target.type()](#targettype) * [target.url()](#targeturl) - [class: CDPSession](#class-cdpsession) * [cdpSession.detach()](#cdpsessiondetach) * [cdpSession.send(method[, params])](#cdpsessionsendmethod-params) - [class: Coverage](#class-coverage) * [coverage.startCSSCoverage([options])](#coveragestartcsscoverageoptions) * [coverage.startJSCoverage([options])](#coveragestartjscoverageoptions) * [coverage.stopCSSCoverage()](#coveragestopcsscoverage) * [coverage.stopJSCoverage()](#coveragestopjscoverage) - [class: TimeoutError](#class-timeouterror) ### Overview Puppeteer is a Node library which provides a high-level API to control Chromium or Chrome over the DevTools Protocol. The Puppeteer API is hierarchical and mirrors the browser structure. > **NOTE** On the following diagram, faded entities are not currently represented in Puppeteer. ![puppeteer overview](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/746130/40333229-5df5480c-5d0c-11e8-83cb-c3e371de7374.png) - [`Puppeteer`](#class-puppeteer) communicates with the browser using [DevTools Protocol](https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/). - [`Browser`](#class-browser) instance can own multiple browser contexts. - [`BrowserContext`](#class-browsercontext) instance defines a browsing session and can own multiple pages. - [`Page`](#class-page) has at least one frame: main frame. There might be other frames created by [iframe](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/iframe) or [frame](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/frame) tags. - [`Frame`](#class-frame) has at least one execution context - the default execution context - where the frame's JavaScript is executed. A Frame might have additional execution contexts that are associated with [extensions](https://developer.chrome.com/extensions). - [`Worker`](#class-worker) has a single execution context and facilitates interacting with [WebWorkers](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Workers_API). (Diagram source: [link](https://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1Q_AM6KYs9kbyLZF-Lpp5mtpAWth73Cq8IKCsWYgi8MM/edit?usp=sharing)) ### puppeteer vs puppeteer-core Every release since v1.7.0 we publish two packages: - [puppeteer](https://www.npmjs.com/package/puppeteer) - [puppeteer-core](https://www.npmjs.com/package/puppeteer-core) `puppeteer` is a *product* for browser automation. When installed, it downloads a version of Chromium, which it then drives using `puppeteer-core`. Being an end-user product, `puppeteer` supports a bunch of convenient `PUPPETEER_*` env variables to tweak its behavior. `puppeteer-core` is a *library* to help drive anything that supports DevTools protocol. `puppeteer-core` doesn't download Chromium when installed. Being a library, `puppeteer-core` is fully driven through its programmatic interface and disregards all the `PUPPETEER_*` env variables. To sum up, the only differences between `puppeteer-core` and `puppeteer` are: - `puppeteer-core` doesn't automatically download Chromium when installed. - `puppeteer-core` ignores all `PUPPETEER_*` env variables. In most cases, you'll be fine using the `puppeteer` package. However, you should use `puppeteer-core` if: - you're building another end-user product or library atop of DevTools protocol. For example, one might build PDF generator using `puppeteer-core` and write a custom `install.js` script that downloads [`headless_shell`](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/lkgr/headless/README.md) instead of Chromium to save disk space. - you're bundling Puppeteer to use in Chrome Extension / browser with the DevTools protocol where downloading an additional Chromium binary is unnecessary. When using `puppeteer-core`, remember to change the *include* line: ```js const puppeteer = require('puppeteer-core'); ``` ### Environment Variables Puppeteer looks for certain [environment variables](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variable) to aid its operations. If Puppeteer doesn't find them in the environment during the installation step, a lowercased variant of these variables will be used from the [npm config](https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/config). - `HTTP_PROXY`, `HTTPS_PROXY`, `NO_PROXY` - defines HTTP proxy settings that are used to download and run Chromium. - `PUPPETEER_SKIP_CHROMIUM_DOWNLOAD` - do not download bundled Chromium during installation step. - `PUPPETEER_DOWNLOAD_HOST` - overwrite URL prefix that is used to download Chromium. Note: this includes protocol and might even include path prefix. Defaults to `https://storage.googleapis.com`. - `PUPPETEER_CHROMIUM_REVISION` - specify a certain version of Chromium you'd like Puppeteer to use. See [puppeteer.launch([options])](#puppeteerlaunchoptions) on how executable path is inferred. **BEWARE**: Puppeteer is only [guaranteed to work](https://github.com/GoogleChrome/puppeteer/#q-why-doesnt-puppeteer-vxxx-work-with-chromium-vyyy) with the bundled Chromium, use at your own risk. - `PUPPETEER_EXECUTABLE_PATH` - specify an executable path to be used in `puppeteer.launch`. See [puppeteer.launch([options])](#puppeteerlaunchoptions) on how the executable path is inferred. **BEWARE**: Puppeteer is only [guaranteed to work](https://github.com/GoogleChrome/puppeteer/#q-why-doesnt-puppeteer-vxxx-work-with-chromium-vyyy) with the bundled Chromium, use at your own risk. > **NOTE** PUPPETEER_* env variables are not accounted for in the [`puppeteer-core`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/puppeteer-core) package. ### Error handling Puppeteer methods might throw errors if they are unable to fufill a request. For example, [page.waitForSelector(selector[, options])](#pagewaitforselectorselector-options) might fail if the selector doesn't match any nodes during the given timeframe. For certain types of errors Puppeteer uses specific error classes. These classes are available via `require('puppeteer/Errors')`. List of supported classes: - [`TimeoutError`](#class-timeouterror) An example of handling a timeout error: ```js const {TimeoutError} = require('puppeteer/Errors'); // ... try { await page.waitForSelector('.foo'); } catch (e) { if (e instanceof TimeoutError) { // Do something if this is a timeout. } } ``` ### Working with Chrome Extensions Puppeteer can be used for testing Chrome Extensions. > **NOTE** Extensions in Chrome / Chromium currently only work in non-headless mode. The following is code for getting a handle to the [background page](https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/background_pages) of an extension whose source is located in `./my-extension`: ```js const puppeteer = require('puppeteer'); (async () => { const pathToExtension = require('path').join(__dirname, 'my-extension'); const browser = await puppeteer.launch({ headless: false, args: [ `--disable-extensions-except=${pathToExtension}`, `--load-extension=${pathToExtension}` ] }); const targets = await browser.targets(); const backgroundPageTarget = targets.find(target => target.type() === 'background_page'); const backgroundPage = await backgroundPageTarget.page(); // Test the background page as you would any other page. await browser.close(); })(); ``` > **NOTE** It is not yet possible to test extension popups or content scripts. ### class: Puppeteer Puppeteer module provides a method to launch a Chromium instance. The following is a typical example of using Puppeteer to drive automation: ```js const puppeteer = require('puppeteer'); puppeteer.launch().then(async browser => { const page = await browser.newPage(); await page.goto('https://www.google.com'); // other actions... await browser.close(); }); ``` #### puppeteer.connect(options) - `options` <[Object]> - `browserWSEndpoint` a [browser websocket endpoint](#browserwsendpoint) to connect to. - `browserURL` a browser url to connect to, in format `http://${host}:${port}`. Use interchangeably with `browserWSEndpoint` to let Puppeteer fetch it from [metadata endpoint](https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/#how-do-i-access-the-browser-target). - `ignoreHTTPSErrors` <[boolean]> Whether to ignore HTTPS errors during navigation. Defaults to `false`. - `defaultViewport` Sets a consistent viewport for each page. Defaults to an 800x600 viewport. `null` disables the default viewport. - `width` <[number]> page width in pixels. - `height` <[number]> page height in pixels. - `deviceScaleFactor` <[number]> Specify device scale factor (can be thought of as dpr). Defaults to `1`. - `isMobile` <[boolean]> Whether the `meta viewport` tag is taken into account. Defaults to `false`. - `hasTouch`<[boolean]> Specifies if viewport supports touch events. Defaults to `false` - `isLandscape` <[boolean]> Specifies if viewport is in landscape mode. Defaults to `false`. - `slowMo` <[number]> Slows down Puppeteer operations by the specified amount of milliseconds. Useful so that you can see what is going on. - `transport` <[ConnectionTransport]> **Experimental** Specify a custom transport object for Puppeteer to use. - returns: <[Promise]<[Browser]>> This methods attaches Puppeteer to an existing Chromium instance. #### puppeteer.createBrowserFetcher([options]) - `options` <[Object]> - `host` <[string]> A download host to be used. Defaults to `https://storage.googleapis.com`. - `path` <[string]> A path for the downloads folder. Defaults to `/.local-chromium`, where `` is puppeteer's package root. - `platform` <[string]> Possible values are: `mac`, `win32`, `win64`, `linux`. Defaults to the current platform. - returns: <[BrowserFetcher]> #### puppeteer.defaultArgs([options]) - `options` <[Object]> Set of configurable options to set on the browser. Can have the following fields: - `headless` <[boolean]> Whether to run browser in [headless mode](https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2017/04/headless-chrome). Defaults to `true` unless the `devtools` option is `true`. - `args` <[Array]<[string]>> Additional arguments to pass to the browser instance. The list of Chromium flags can be found [here](http://peter.sh/experiments/chromium-command-line-switches/). - `userDataDir` <[string]> Path to a [User Data Directory](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/docs/user_data_dir.md). - `devtools` <[boolean]> Whether to auto-open a DevTools panel for each tab. If this option is `true`, the `headless` option will be set `false`. - returns: <[Array]<[string]>> The default flags that Chromium will be launched with. #### puppeteer.executablePath() - returns: <[string]> A path where Puppeteer expects to find bundled Chromium. Chromium might not exist there if the download was skipped with [`PUPPETEER_SKIP_CHROMIUM_DOWNLOAD`](#environment-variables). #### puppeteer.launch([options]) - `options` <[Object]> Set of configurable options to set on the browser. Can have the following fields: - `ignoreHTTPSErrors` <[boolean]> Whether to ignore HTTPS errors during navigation. Defaults to `false`. - `headless` <[boolean]> Whether to run browser in [headless mode](https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2017/04/headless-chrome). Defaults to `true` unless the `devtools` option is `true`. - `executablePath` <[string]> Path to a Chromium or Chrome executable to run instead of the bundled Chromium. If `executablePath` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd). **BEWARE**: Puppeteer is only [guaranteed to work](https://github.com/GoogleChrome/puppeteer/#q-why-doesnt-puppeteer-vxxx-work-with-chromium-vyyy) with the bundled Chromium, use at your own risk. - `slowMo` <[number]> Slows down Puppeteer operations by the specified amount of milliseconds. Useful so that you can see what is going on. - `defaultViewport` Sets a consistent viewport for each page. Defaults to an 800x600 viewport. `null` disables the default viewport. - `width` <[number]> page width in pixels. - `height` <[number]> page height in pixels. - `deviceScaleFactor` <[number]> Specify device scale factor (can be thought of as dpr). Defaults to `1`. - `isMobile` <[boolean]> Whether the `meta viewport` tag is taken into account. Defaults to `false`. - `hasTouch`<[boolean]> Specifies if viewport supports touch events. Defaults to `false` - `isLandscape` <[boolean]> Specifies if viewport is in landscape mode. Defaults to `false`. - `args` <[Array]<[string]>> Additional arguments to pass to the browser instance. The list of Chromium flags can be found [here](http://peter.sh/experiments/chromium-command-line-switches/). - `ignoreDefaultArgs` <[boolean]|[Array]<[string]>> If `true`, then do not use [`puppeteer.defaultArgs()`](#puppeteerdefaultargs-options). If an array is given, then filter out the given default arguments. Dangerous option; use with care. Defaults to `false`. - `handleSIGINT` <[boolean]> Close the browser process on Ctrl-C. Defaults to `true`. - `handleSIGTERM` <[boolean]> Close the browser process on SIGTERM. Defaults to `true`. - `handleSIGHUP` <[boolean]> Close the browser process on SIGHUP. Defaults to `true`. - `timeout` <[number]> Maximum time in milliseconds to wait for the browser instance to start. Defaults to `30000` (30 seconds). Pass `0` to disable timeout. - `dumpio` <[boolean]> Whether to pipe the browser process stdout and stderr into `process.stdout` and `process.stderr`. Defaults to `false`. - `userDataDir` <[string]> Path to a [User Data Directory](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/docs/user_data_dir.md). - `env` <[Object]> Specify environment variables that will be visible to the browser. Defaults to `process.env`. - `devtools` <[boolean]> Whether to auto-open a DevTools panel for each tab. If this option is `true`, the `headless` option will be set `false`. - `pipe` <[boolean]> Connects to the browser over a pipe instead of a WebSocket. Defaults to `false`. - returns: <[Promise]<[Browser]>> Promise which resolves to browser instance. You can use `ignoreDefaultArgs` to filter out `--mute-audio` from default arguments: ```js const browser = await puppeteer.launch({ ignoreDefaultArgs: ['--mute-audio'] }); ``` > **NOTE** Puppeteer can also be used to control the Chrome browser, but it works best with the version of Chromium it is bundled with. There is no guarantee it will work with any other version. Use `executablePath` option with extreme caution. > > If Google Chrome (rather than Chromium) is preferred, a [Chrome Canary](https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/canary.html) or [Dev Channel](https://www.chromium.org/getting-involved/dev-channel) build is suggested. > > In [puppeteer.launch([options])](#puppeteerlaunchoptions) above, any mention of Chromium also applies to Chrome. > > See [`this article`](https://www.howtogeek.com/202825/what%E2%80%99s-the-difference-between-chromium-and-chrome/) for a description of the differences between Chromium and Chrome. [`This article`](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/lkcr/docs/chromium_browser_vs_google_chrome.md) describes some differences for Linux users. ### class: BrowserFetcher BrowserFetcher can download and manage different versions of Chromium. BrowserFetcher operates on revision strings that specify a precise version of Chromium, e.g. `"533271"`. Revision strings can be obtained from [omahaproxy.appspot.com](http://omahaproxy.appspot.com/). An example of using BrowserFetcher to download a specific version of Chromium and running Puppeteer against it: ```js const browserFetcher = puppeteer.createBrowserFetcher(); const revisionInfo = await browserFetcher.download('533271'); const browser = await puppeteer.launch({executablePath: revisionInfo.executablePath}) ``` > **NOTE** BrowserFetcher is not designed to work concurrently with other > instances of BrowserFetcher that share the same downloads directory. #### browserFetcher.canDownload(revision) - `revision` <[string]> a revision to check availability. - returns: <[Promise]<[boolean]>> returns `true` if the revision could be downloaded from the host. The method initiates a HEAD request to check if the revision is available. #### browserFetcher.download(revision[, progressCallback]) - `revision` <[string]> a revision to download. - `progressCallback` <[function]([number], [number])> A function that will be called with two arguments: - `downloadedBytes` <[number]> how many bytes have been downloaded - `totalBytes` <[number]> how large is the total download. - returns: <[Promise]<[Object]>> Resolves with revision information when the revision is downloaded and extracted - `revision` <[string]> the revision the info was created from - `folderPath` <[string]> path to the extracted revision folder - `executablePath` <[string]> path to the revision executable - `url` <[string]> URL this revision can be downloaded from - `local` <[boolean]> whether the revision is locally available on disk The method initiates a GET request to download the revision from the host. #### browserFetcher.localRevisions() - returns: <[Promise]<[Array]<[string]>>> A list of all revisions available locally on disk. #### browserFetcher.platform() - returns: <[string]> Returns one of `mac`, `linux`, `win32` or `win64`. #### browserFetcher.remove(revision) - `revision` <[string]> a revision to remove. The method will throw if the revision has not been downloaded. - returns: <[Promise]> Resolves when the revision has been removed. #### browserFetcher.revisionInfo(revision) - `revision` <[string]> a revision to get info for. - returns: <[Object]> - `revision` <[string]> the revision the info was created from - `folderPath` <[string]> path to the extracted revision folder - `executablePath` <[string]> path to the revision executable - `url` <[string]> URL this revision can be downloaded from - `local` <[boolean]> whether the revision is locally available on disk ### class: Browser * extends: [`EventEmitter`](https://nodejs.org/api/events.html#events_class_eventemitter) A Browser is created when Puppeteer connects to a Chromium instance, either through [`puppeteer.launch`](#puppeteerlaunchoptions) or [`puppeteer.connect`](#puppeteerconnectoptions). An example of using a [Browser] to create a [Page]: ```js const puppeteer = require('puppeteer'); puppeteer.launch().then(async browser => { const page = await browser.newPage(); await page.goto('https://example.com'); await browser.close(); }); ``` An example of disconnecting from and reconnecting to a [Browser]: ```js const puppeteer = require('puppeteer'); puppeteer.launch().then(async browser => { // Store the endpoint to be able to reconnect to Chromium const browserWSEndpoint = browser.wsEndpoint(); // Disconnect puppeteer from Chromium browser.disconnect(); // Use the endpoint to reestablish a connection const browser2 = await puppeteer.connect({browserWSEndpoint}); // Close Chromium await browser2.close(); }); ``` #### event: 'disconnected' Emitted when Puppeteer gets disconnected from the Chromium instance. This might happen because of one of the following: - Chromium is closed or crashed - The [`browser.disconnect`](#browserdisconnect) method was called #### event: 'targetchanged' - <[Target]> Emitted when the url of a target changes. > **NOTE** This includes target changes in incognito browser contexts. #### event: 'targetcreated' - <[Target]> Emitted when a target is created, for example when a new page is opened by [`window.open`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/open) or [`browser.newPage`](#browsernewpage). > **NOTE** This includes target creations in incognito browser contexts. #### event: 'targetdestroyed' - <[Target]> Emitted when a target is destroyed, for example when a page is closed. > **NOTE** This includes target destructions in incognito browser contexts. #### browser.browserContexts() - returns: <[Array]<[BrowserContext]>> Returns an array of all open browser contexts. In a newly created browser, this will return a single instance of [BrowserContext]. #### browser.close() - returns: <[Promise]> Closes Chromium and all of its pages (if any were opened). The [Browser] object itself is considered to be disposed and cannot be used anymore. #### browser.createIncognitoBrowserContext() - returns: <[Promise]<[BrowserContext]>> Creates a new incognito browser context. This won't share cookies/cache with other browser contexts. ```js const browser = await puppeteer.launch(); // Create a new incognito browser context. const context = await browser.createIncognitoBrowserContext(); // Create a new page in a pristine context. const page = await context.newPage(); // Do stuff await page.goto('https://example.com'); ``` #### browser.defaultBrowserContext() - returns: <[BrowserContext]> Returns the default browser context. The default browser context can not be closed. #### browser.disconnect() Disconnects Puppeteer from the browser, but leaves the Chromium process running. After calling `disconnect`, the [Browser] object is considered disposed and cannot be used anymore. #### browser.newPage() - returns: <[Promise]<[Page]>> Promise which resolves to a new [Page] object. The [Page] is created in a default browser context. #### browser.pages() - returns: <[Promise]<[Array]<[Page]>>> Promise which resolves to an array of all open pages. Non visible pages, such as `"background_page"`, will not be listed here. You can find them using [target.page()](#targetpage). An array of all pages inside the Browser. In case of multiple browser contexts, the method will return an array with all the pages in all browser contexts. #### browser.process() - returns: Spawned browser process. Returns `null` if the browser instance was created with [`puppeteer.connect`](#puppeteerconnectoptions) method. #### browser.target() - returns: <[Target]> A target associated with the browser. #### browser.targets() - returns: <[Array]<[Target]>> An array of all active targets inside the Browser. In case of multiple browser contexts, the method will return an array with all the targets in all browser contexts. #### browser.userAgent() - returns: <[Promise]<[string]>> Promise which resolves to the browser's original user agent. > **NOTE** Pages can override browser user agent with [page.setUserAgent](#pagesetuseragentuseragent) #### browser.version() - returns: <[Promise]<[string]>> For headless Chromium, this is similar to `HeadlessChrome/61.0.3153.0`. For non-headless, this is similar to `Chrome/61.0.3153.0`. > **NOTE** the format of browser.version() might change with future releases of Chromium. #### browser.waitForTarget(predicate[, options]) - `predicate` <[function]\([Target]\):[boolean]> A function to be run for every target - `options` <[Object]> - `timeout` <[number]> Maximum wait time in milliseconds. Pass `0` to disable the timeout. Defaults to 30 seconds. - returns: <[Promise]<[Target]>> Promise which resolves to the first target found that matches the `predicate` function. This searches for a target in all browser contexts. An example of finding a target for a page opened via `window.open`: ```js await page.evaluate(() => window.open('https://www.example.com/')); const newWindowTarget = await browser.waitForTarget(target => target.url() === 'https://www.example.com/'); ``` #### browser.wsEndpoint() - returns: <[string]> Browser websocket url. Browser websocket endpoint which can be used as an argument to [puppeteer.connect](#puppeteerconnectoptions). The format is `ws://${host}:${port}/devtools/browser/` You can find the `webSocketDebuggerUrl` from `http://${host}:${port}/json/version`. Learn more about the [devtools protocol](https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol) and the [browser endpoint](https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/#how-do-i-access-the-browser-target). ### class: BrowserContext * extends: [`EventEmitter`](https://nodejs.org/api/events.html#events_class_eventemitter) BrowserContexts provide a way to operate multiple independent browser sessions. When a browser is launched, it has a single BrowserContext used by default. The method `browser.newPage()` creates a page in the default browser context. If a page opens another page, e.g. with a `window.open` call, the popup will belong to the parent page's browser context. Puppeteer allows creation of "incognito" browser contexts with `browser.createIncognitoBrowserContext()` method. "Incognito" browser contexts don't write any browsing data to disk. ```js // Create a new incognito browser context const context = await browser.createIncognitoBrowserContext(); // Create a new page inside context. const page = await context.newPage(); // ... do stuff with page ... await page.goto('https://example.com'); // Dispose context once it's no longer needed. await context.close(); ``` #### event: 'targetchanged' - <[Target]> Emitted when the url of a target inside the browser context changes. #### event: 'targetcreated' - <[Target]> Emitted when a new target is created inside the browser context, for example when a new page is opened by [`window.open`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/open) or [`browserContext.newPage`](#browsercontextnewpage). #### event: 'targetdestroyed' - <[Target]> Emitted when a target inside the browser context is destroyed, for example when a page is closed. #### browserContext.browser() - returns: <[Browser]> The browser this browser context belongs to. #### browserContext.clearPermissionOverrides() - returns: <[Promise]> Clears all permission overrides for the browser context. ```js const context = browser.defaultBrowserContext(); context.overridePermissions('https://example.com', ['clipboard-read']); // do stuff .. context.clearPermissionOverrides(); ``` #### browserContext.close() - returns: <[Promise]> Closes the browser context. All the targets that belong to the browser context will be closed. > **NOTE** only incognito browser contexts can be closed. #### browserContext.isIncognito() - returns: <[boolean]> Returns whether BrowserContext is incognito. The default browser context is the only non-incognito browser context. > **NOTE** the default browser context cannot be closed. #### browserContext.newPage() - returns: <[Promise]<[Page]>> Creates a new page in the browser context. #### browserContext.overridePermissions(origin, permissions) - `origin` <[string]> The [origin] to grant permissions to, e.g. "https://example.com". - `permissions` <[Array]<[string]>> An array of permissions to grant. All permissions that are not listed here will be automatically denied. Permissions can be one of the following values: - `'geolocation'` - `'midi'` - `'midi-sysex'` (system-exclusive midi) - `'notifications'` - `'push'` - `'camera'` - `'microphone'` - `'background-sync'` - `'ambient-light-sensor'` - `'accelerometer'` - `'gyroscope'` - `'magnetometer'` - `'accessibility-events'` - `'clipboard-read'` - `'clipboard-write'` - `'payment-handler'` - returns: <[Promise]> ```js const context = browser.defaultBrowserContext(); await context.overridePermissions('https://html5demos.com', ['geolocation']); ``` #### browserContext.pages() - returns: <[Promise]<[Array]<[Page]>>> Promise which resolves to an array of all open pages. Non visible pages, such as `"background_page"`, will not be listed here. You can find them using [target.page()](#targetpage). An array of all pages inside the browser context. #### browserContext.targets() - returns: <[Array]<[Target]>> An array of all active targets inside the browser context. #### browserContext.waitForTarget(predicate[, options]) - `predicate` <[function]\([Target]\):[boolean]> A function to be run for every target - `options` <[Object]> - `timeout` <[number]> Maximum wait time in milliseconds. Pass `0` to disable the timeout. Defaults to 30 seconds. - returns: <[Promise]<[Target]>> Promise which resolves to the first target found that matches the `predicate` function. This searches for a target in this specific browser context. An example of finding a target for a page opened via `window.open`: ```js await page.evaluate(() => window.open('https://www.example.com/')); const newWindowTarget = await browserContext.waitForTarget(target => target.url() === 'https://www.example.com/'); ``` ### class: Page * extends: [`EventEmitter`](https://nodejs.org/api/events.html#events_class_eventemitter) Page provides methods to interact with a single tab or [extension background page](https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/background_pages) in Chromium. One [Browser] instance might have multiple [Page] instances. This example creates a page, navigates it to a URL, and then saves a screenshot: ```js const puppeteer = require('puppeteer'); puppeteer.launch().then(async browser => { const page = await browser.newPage(); await page.goto('https://example.com'); await page.screenshot({path: 'screenshot.png'}); await browser.close(); }); ``` The Page class emits various events (described below) which can be handled using any of Node's native [`EventEmitter`](https://nodejs.org/api/events.html#events_class_eventemitter) methods, such as `on`, `once` or `removeListener`. This example logs a message for a single page `load` event: ```js page.once('load', () => console.log('Page loaded!')); ``` To unsubscribe from events use the `removeListener` method: ```js function logRequest(interceptedRequest) { console.log('A request was made:', interceptedRequest.url()); } page.on('request', logRequest); // Sometime later... page.removeListener('request', logRequest); ``` #### event: 'close' Emitted when the page closes. #### event: 'console' - <[ConsoleMessage]> Emitted when JavaScript within the page calls one of console API methods, e.g. `console.log` or `console.dir`. Also emitted if the page throws an error or a warning. The arguments passed into `console.log` appear as arguments on the event handler. An example of handling `console` event: ```js page.on('console', msg => { for (let i = 0; i < msg.args().length; ++i) console.log(`${i}: ${msg.args()[i]}`); }); page.evaluate(() => console.log('hello', 5, {foo: 'bar'})); ``` #### event: 'dialog' - <[Dialog]> Emitted when a JavaScript dialog appears, such as `alert`, `prompt`, `confirm` or `beforeunload`. Puppeteer can respond to the dialog via [Dialog]'s [accept](#dialogacceptprompttext) or [dismiss](#dialogdismiss) methods. #### event: 'domcontentloaded' Emitted when the JavaScript [`DOMContentLoaded`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Events/DOMContentLoaded) event is dispatched. #### event: 'error' - <[Error]> Emitted when the page crashes. > **NOTE** `error` event has a special meaning in Node, see [error events](https://nodejs.org/api/events.html#events_error_events) for details. #### event: 'frameattached' - <[Frame]> Emitted when a frame is attached. #### event: 'framedetached' - <[Frame]> Emitted when a frame is detached. #### event: 'framenavigated' - <[Frame]> Emitted when a frame is navigated to a new url. #### event: 'load' Emitted when the JavaScript [`load`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Events/load) event is dispatched. #### event: 'metrics' - <[Object]> - `title` <[string]> The title passed to `console.timeStamp`. - `metrics` <[Object]> Object containing metrics as key/value pairs. The values of metrics are of <[number]> type. Emitted when the JavaScript code makes a call to `console.timeStamp`. For the list of metrics see `page.metrics`. #### event: 'pageerror' - <[Error]> The exception message Emitted when an uncaught exception happens within the page. #### event: 'popup' - <[Page]> Page corresponding to "popup" window Emitted when the page opens a new tab or window. ```js const [popup] = await Promise.all([ new Promise(resolve => page.once('popup', resolve)), page.click('a[target=_blank]'), ]); ``` ```js const [popup] = await Promise.all([ new Promise(resolve => page.once('popup', resolve)), page.evaluate(() => window.open('https://example.com')), ]); ``` #### event: 'request' - <[Request]> Emitted when a page issues a request. The [request] object is read-only. In order to intercept and mutate requests, see `page.setRequestInterception`. #### event: 'requestfailed' - <[Request]> Emitted when a request fails, for example by timing out. #### event: 'requestfinished' - <[Request]> Emitted when a request finishes successfully. #### event: 'response' - <[Response]> Emitted when a [response] is received. #### event: 'workercreated' - <[Worker]> Emitted when a dedicated [WebWorker](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Workers_API) is spawned by the page. #### event: 'workerdestroyed' - <[Worker]> Emitted when a dedicated [WebWorker](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Workers_API) is terminated. #### page.$(selector) - `selector` <[string]> A [selector] to query page for - returns: <[Promise]> The method runs `document.querySelector` within the page. If no element matches the selector, the return value resolves to `null`. Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().$(selector)](#frameselector). #### page.$$(selector) - `selector` <[string]> A [selector] to query page for - returns: <[Promise]<[Array]<[ElementHandle]>>> The method runs `document.querySelectorAll` within the page. If no elements match the selector, the return value resolves to `[]`. Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().$$(selector)](#frameselector-1). #### page.$$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args]) - `selector` <[string]> A [selector] to query page for - `pageFunction` <[function]> Function to be evaluated in browser context - `...args` <...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction` - returns: <[Promise]<[Serializable]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction` This method runs `Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(selector))` within the page and passes it as the first argument to `pageFunction`. If `pageFunction` returns a [Promise], then `page.$$eval` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value. Examples: ```js const divsCounts = await page.$$eval('div', divs => divs.length); ``` #### page.$eval(selector, pageFunction[, ...args]) - `selector` <[string]> A [selector] to query page for - `pageFunction` <[function]> Function to be evaluated in browser context - `...args` <...[Serializable]|[JSHandle]> Arguments to pass to `pageFunction` - returns: <[Promise]<[Serializable]>> Promise which resolves to the return value of `pageFunction` This method runs `document.querySelector` within the page and passes it as the first argument to `pageFunction`. If there's no element matching `selector`, the method throws an error. If `pageFunction` returns a [Promise], then `page.$eval` would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value. Examples: ```js const searchValue = await page.$eval('#search', el => el.value); const preloadHref = await page.$eval('link[rel=preload]', el => el.href); const html = await page.$eval('.main-container', e => e.outerHTML); ``` Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().$eval(selector, pageFunction)](#frameevalselector-pagefunction-args). #### page.$x(expression) - `expression` <[string]> Expression to [evaluate](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/evaluate). - returns: <[Promise]<[Array]<[ElementHandle]>>> The method evaluates the XPath expression. Shortcut for [page.mainFrame().$x(expression)](#framexexpression) #### page.accessibility - returns: <[Accessibility]> #### page.addScriptTag(options) - `options` <[Object]> - `url` <[string]> URL of a script to be added. - `path` <[string]> Path to the JavaScript file to be injected into frame. If `path` is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to [current working directory](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_cwd). - `content` <[string]> Raw JavaScript content to be injected into frame. - `type` <[string]> Script type. Use 'module' in order to load a Javascript ES6 module. See [script](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/script) for more details. - returns: <[Promise]<[ElementHandle]>> which resolves to the added tag when the script's onload fires or when the script content was injected into frame. Adds a `