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+module Control.Monad.Unlift where
+
+import Prelude
+
+import Control.Monad.Base (class MonadBase)
+import Control.Monad.Identity.Trans (IdentityT(..))
+import Control.Monad.Reader (ReaderT(..))
+import Control.Monad.ST (ST)
+import Data.Either (Either)
+import Data.Identity (Identity)
+import Data.List (List)
+import Data.List.Lazy as LL
+import Data.Maybe (Maybe)
+import Effect (Effect)
+import Effect.Aff (Aff)
+
+-- | Monads which allow their actions to be run in their base monad.
+-- |
+-- | `MonadUnlift` captures the opposite notion of `MonadBase` - while
+-- | `MonadBase` allows an base monad `b` to be lifted into another monad `m`,
+-- | `MonadUnlift` allows a `m` to be run in `b`, as long as contained in an
+-- | outer `m` context.
+-- |
+-- | Note that the laws given below require that a monad have no "monadic
+-- | state", which essentially limits instances to `ReaderT` and `IdentityT`
+-- | stacks with a base of `b`.
+-- |
+-- | Instances should satisfy the following laws, which state that
+-- | `unlift` is a transformer of monads for any given `u` returned by
+-- | `askUnlift`:
+-- |
+-- | ```purescript
+-- | unlift u <<< pure = pure
+-- | unlift u (f =<< m) = unlift u <<< f =<< unlift u m
+-- | ```
+class MonadBase b m <= MonadUnlift b m | m -> b where
+  -- | Run a base monad action with access to a runner function that is capable
+  -- | of running a monadic action `m` in `b` (strictly speaking, a natural
+  -- | transformation from `m` to `b`).
+  withRunInBase :: forall x. ((m ~> b) -> b x) -> m x
+
+instance MonadUnlift Array Array where
+  withRunInBase runAction = runAction identity
+
+instance MonadUnlift List List where
+  withRunInBase runAction = runAction identity
+
+instance MonadUnlift LL.List LL.List where
+  withRunInBase runAction = runAction identity
+
+instance MonadUnlift Maybe Maybe where
+  withRunInBase runAction = runAction identity
+
+instance MonadUnlift Effect Effect where
+  withRunInBase runAction = runAction identity
+
+instance MonadUnlift Aff Aff where
+  withRunInBase runAction = runAction identity
+
+instance MonadUnlift Identity Identity where
+  withRunInBase runAction = runAction identity
+
+instance MonadUnlift (Either e) (Either e) where
+  withRunInBase runAction = runAction identity
+
+instance MonadUnlift (ST s) (ST s) where
+  withRunInBase runAction = runAction identity
+
+instance MonadUnlift b m => MonadUnlift b (ReaderT r m) where
+  withRunInBase runAction = ReaderT \context ->
+    withRunInBase \runMInBase ->
+      runAction \(ReaderT reader) ->
+        runMInBase $ reader context
+
+instance MonadUnlift b m => MonadUnlift b (IdentityT m) where
+  withRunInBase runAction = IdentityT $
+    withRunInBase \runMInBase ->
+      runAction \(IdentityT a) ->
+        runMInBase a
+
+newtype Unlift :: forall k. (k -> Type) -> (k -> Type) -> Type
+newtype Unlift b m = Unlift (m ~> b)
+
+askUnlift :: forall b m. MonadUnlift b m => m (Unlift b m)
+askUnlift = withRunInBase \run -> pure $ Unlift run
+
+askRunInBase :: forall b m a. MonadUnlift b m => m (m a -> b a)
+askRunInBase = withRunInBase pure
+
+withUnlift :: forall b m a. MonadUnlift b m => (Unlift b m -> b a) -> m a
+withUnlift runAction = withRunInBase \run -> runAction $ Unlift run
+
+toBase :: forall b m a. MonadUnlift b m => m a -> m (b a)
+toBase m = withRunInBase \run -> pure $ run m