454 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
454 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
# Puppeteer
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<!-- [START badges] -->
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[](https://travis-ci.com/puppeteer/puppeteer) [](https://npmjs.org/package/puppeteer) [](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/issues)
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<!-- [END badges] -->
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<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/10379601/29446482-04f7036a-841f-11e7-9872-91d1fc2ea683.png" height="200" align="right">
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###### [API](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/v5.5.0/docs/api.md) | [FAQ](#faq) | [Contributing](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) | [Troubleshooting](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/docs/troubleshooting.md)
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> Puppeteer is a Node library which provides a high-level API to control Chrome or Chromium over the [DevTools Protocol](https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/). Puppeteer runs [headless](https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2017/04/headless-chrome) by default, but can be configured to run full (non-headless) Chrome or Chromium.
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<!-- [START usecases] -->
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###### What can I do?
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Most things that you can do manually in the browser can be done using Puppeteer! Here are a few examples to get you started:
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* Generate screenshots and PDFs of pages.
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* Crawl a SPA (Single-Page Application) and generate pre-rendered content (i.e. "SSR" (Server-Side Rendering)).
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* Automate form submission, UI testing, keyboard input, etc.
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* Create an up-to-date, automated testing environment. Run your tests directly in the latest version of Chrome using the latest JavaScript and browser features.
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* Capture a [timeline trace](https://developers.google.com/web/tools/chrome-devtools/evaluate-performance/reference) of your site to help diagnose performance issues.
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* Test Chrome Extensions.
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<!-- [END usecases] -->
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Give it a spin: https://try-puppeteer.appspot.com/
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<!-- [START getstarted] -->
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## Getting Started
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### Installation
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To use Puppeteer in your project, run:
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```bash
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npm i puppeteer
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# or "yarn add puppeteer"
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```
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Note: When you install Puppeteer, it downloads a recent version of Chromium (~170MB Mac, ~282MB Linux, ~280MB Win) that is guaranteed to work with the API. To skip the download, or to download a different browser, see [Environment variables](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/v5.5.0/docs/api.md#environment-variables).
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### puppeteer-core
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Since version 1.7.0 we publish the [`puppeteer-core`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/puppeteer-core) package,
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a version of Puppeteer that doesn't download any browser by default.
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```bash
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npm i puppeteer-core
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# or "yarn add puppeteer-core"
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```
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`puppeteer-core` is intended to be a lightweight version of Puppeteer for launching an existing browser installation or for connecting to a remote one. Be sure that the version of puppeteer-core you install is compatible with the
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browser you intend to connect to.
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See [puppeteer vs puppeteer-core](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/docs/api.md#puppeteer-vs-puppeteer-core).
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### Usage
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Puppeteer follows the latest [maintenance LTS](https://github.com/nodejs/Release#release-schedule) version of Node.
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Note: Prior to v1.18.1, Puppeteer required at least Node v6.4.0. Versions from v1.18.1 to v2.1.0 rely on
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Node 8.9.0+. Starting from v3.0.0 Puppeteer starts to rely on Node 10.18.1+. All examples below use async/await which is only supported in Node v7.6.0 or greater.
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Puppeteer will be familiar to people using other browser testing frameworks. You create an instance
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of `Browser`, open pages, and then manipulate them with [Puppeteer's API](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/v5.5.0/docs/api.md#).
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**Example** - navigating to https://example.com and saving a screenshot as *example.png*:
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Save file as **example.js**
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```js
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const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');
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(async () => {
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const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
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const page = await browser.newPage();
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await page.goto('https://example.com');
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await page.screenshot({path: 'example.png'});
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await browser.close();
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})();
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```
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Execute script on the command line
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```bash
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node example.js
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```
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Puppeteer sets an initial page size to 800×600px, which defines the screenshot size. The page size can be customized with [`Page.setViewport()`](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/v5.5.0/docs/api.md#pagesetviewportviewport).
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**Example** - create a PDF.
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Save file as **hn.js**
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```js
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const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');
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(async () => {
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const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
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const page = await browser.newPage();
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await page.goto('https://news.ycombinator.com', {waitUntil: 'networkidle2'});
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await page.pdf({path: 'hn.pdf', format: 'A4'});
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await browser.close();
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})();
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```
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Execute script on the command line
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```bash
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node hn.js
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```
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See [`Page.pdf()`](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/v5.5.0/docs/api.md#pagepdfoptions) for more information about creating pdfs.
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**Example** - evaluate script in the context of the page
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Save file as **get-dimensions.js**
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```js
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const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');
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(async () => {
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const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
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const page = await browser.newPage();
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await page.goto('https://example.com');
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// Get the "viewport" of the page, as reported by the page.
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const dimensions = await page.evaluate(() => {
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return {
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width: document.documentElement.clientWidth,
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height: document.documentElement.clientHeight,
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deviceScaleFactor: window.devicePixelRatio
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};
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});
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console.log('Dimensions:', dimensions);
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await browser.close();
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})();
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```
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Execute script on the command line
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```bash
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node get-dimensions.js
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```
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See [`Page.evaluate()`](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/v5.5.0/docs/api.md#pageevaluatepagefunction-args) for more information on `evaluate` and related methods like `evaluateOnNewDocument` and `exposeFunction`.
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<!-- [END getstarted] -->
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<!-- [START runtimesettings] -->
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## Default runtime settings
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**1. Uses Headless mode**
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Puppeteer launches Chromium in [headless mode](https://developers.google.com/web/updates/2017/04/headless-chrome). To launch a full version of Chromium, set the [`headless` option](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/v5.5.0/docs/api.md#puppeteerlaunchoptions) when launching a browser:
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```js
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const browser = await puppeteer.launch({headless: false}); // default is true
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```
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**2. Runs a bundled version of Chromium**
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By default, Puppeteer downloads and uses a specific version of Chromium so its API
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is guaranteed to work out of the box. To use Puppeteer with a different version of Chrome or Chromium,
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pass in the executable's path when creating a `Browser` instance:
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```js
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const browser = await puppeteer.launch({executablePath: '/path/to/Chrome'});
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```
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You can also use Puppeteer with Firefox Nightly (experimental support). See [`Puppeteer.launch()`](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/v5.5.0/docs/api.md#puppeteerlaunchoptions) for more information.
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See [`this article`](https://www.howtogeek.com/202825/what%E2%80%99s-the-difference-between-chromium-and-chrome/) for a description of the differences between Chromium and Chrome. [`This article`](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/docs/chromium_browser_vs_google_chrome.md) describes some differences for Linux users.
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**3. Creates a fresh user profile**
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Puppeteer creates its own browser user profile which it **cleans up on every run**.
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<!-- [END runtimesettings] -->
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## Resources
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- [API Documentation](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/v5.5.0/docs/api.md)
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- [Examples](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/tree/main/examples/)
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- [Community list of Puppeteer resources](https://github.com/transitive-bullshit/awesome-puppeteer)
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<!-- [START debugging] -->
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## Debugging tips
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1. Turn off headless mode - sometimes it's useful to see what the browser is
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displaying. Instead of launching in headless mode, launch a full version of
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the browser using `headless: false`:
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```js
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const browser = await puppeteer.launch({headless: false});
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```
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2. Slow it down - the `slowMo` option slows down Puppeteer operations by the
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specified amount of milliseconds. It's another way to help see what's going on.
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```js
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const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
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headless: false,
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slowMo: 250 // slow down by 250ms
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});
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```
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3. Capture console output - You can listen for the `console` event.
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This is also handy when debugging code in `page.evaluate()`:
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```js
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page.on('console', msg => console.log('PAGE LOG:', msg.text()));
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await page.evaluate(() => console.log(`url is ${location.href}`));
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```
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4. Use debugger in application code browser
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There are two execution context: node.js that is running test code, and the browser
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running application code being tested. This lets you debug code in the
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application code browser; ie code inside `evaluate()`.
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- Use `{devtools: true}` when launching Puppeteer:
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```js
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const browser = await puppeteer.launch({devtools: true});
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```
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- Change default test timeout:
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jest: `jest.setTimeout(100000);`
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jasmine: `jasmine.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_INTERVAL = 100000;`
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mocha: `this.timeout(100000);` (don't forget to change test to use [function and not '=>'](https://stackoverflow.com/a/23492442))
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- Add an evaluate statement with `debugger` inside / add `debugger` to an existing evaluate statement:
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```js
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await page.evaluate(() => {debugger;});
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```
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The test will now stop executing in the above evaluate statement, and chromium will stop in debug mode.
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5. Use debugger in node.js
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This will let you debug test code. For example, you can step over `await page.click()` in the node.js script and see the click happen in the application code browser.
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Note that you won't be able to run `await page.click()` in
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DevTools console due to this [Chromium bug](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=833928). So if
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you want to try something out, you have to add it to your test file.
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- Add `debugger;` to your test, eg:
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```js
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debugger;
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await page.click('a[target=_blank]');
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```
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- Set `headless` to `false`
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- Run `node --inspect-brk`, eg `node --inspect-brk node_modules/.bin/jest tests`
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- In Chrome open `chrome://inspect/#devices` and click `inspect`
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- In the newly opened test browser, type `F8` to resume test execution
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- Now your `debugger` will be hit and you can debug in the test browser
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6. Enable verbose logging - internal DevTools protocol traffic
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will be logged via the [`debug`](https://github.com/visionmedia/debug) module under the `puppeteer` namespace.
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# Basic verbose logging
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env DEBUG="puppeteer:*" node script.js
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# Protocol traffic can be rather noisy. This example filters out all Network domain messages
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env DEBUG="puppeteer:*" env DEBUG_COLORS=true node script.js 2>&1 | grep -v '"Network'
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7. Debug your Puppeteer (node) code easily, using [ndb](https://github.com/GoogleChromeLabs/ndb)
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- `npm install -g ndb` (or even better, use [npx](https://github.com/zkat/npx)!)
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- add a `debugger` to your Puppeteer (node) code
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- add `ndb` (or `npx ndb`) before your test command. For example:
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`ndb jest` or `ndb mocha` (or `npx ndb jest` / `npx ndb mocha`)
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- debug your test inside chromium like a boss!
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<!-- [END debugging] -->
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<!-- [START typescript] -->
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## Usage with TypeScript
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We have recently completed a migration to move the Puppeteer source code from JavaScript to TypeScript and we're currently working on shipping type definitions for TypeScript with Puppeteer's npm package.
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Until this work is complete we recommend installing the Puppeteer type definitions from the [DefinitelyTyped](https://definitelytyped.org/) repository:
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```bash
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npm install --save-dev @types/puppeteer
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```
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The types that you'll see appearing in the Puppeteer source code are based off the great work of those who have contributed to the `@types/puppeteer` package. We really appreciate the hard work those people put in to providing high quality TypeScript definitions for Puppeteer's users.
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<!-- [END typescript] -->
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## Contributing to Puppeteer
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Check out [contributing guide](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) to get an overview of Puppeteer development.
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<!-- [START faq] -->
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# FAQ
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#### Q: Who maintains Puppeteer?
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The Chrome DevTools team maintains the library, but we'd love your help and expertise on the project!
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See [Contributing](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md).
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#### Q: What is the status of cross-browser support?
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Official Firefox support is currently experimental. The ongoing collaboration with Mozilla aims to support common end-to-end testing use cases, for which developers expect cross-browser coverage. The Puppeteer team needs input from users to stabilize Firefox support and to bring missing APIs to our attention.
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From Puppeteer v2.1.0 onwards you can specify [`puppeteer.launch({product: 'firefox'})`](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/v5.5.0/docs/api.md#puppeteerlaunchoptions) to run your Puppeteer scripts in Firefox Nightly, without any additional custom patches. While [an older experiment](https://www.npmjs.com/package/puppeteer-firefox) required a patched version of Firefox, [the current approach](https://wiki.mozilla.org/Remote) works with “stock” Firefox.
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We will continue to collaborate with other browser vendors to bring Puppeteer support to browsers such as Safari.
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This effort includes exploration of a standard for executing cross-browser commands (instead of relying on the non-standard DevTools Protocol used by Chrome).
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#### Q: What are Puppeteer’s goals and principles?
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The goals of the project are:
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- Provide a slim, canonical library that highlights the capabilities of the [DevTools Protocol](https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/).
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- Provide a reference implementation for similar testing libraries. Eventually, these other frameworks could adopt Puppeteer as their foundational layer.
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- Grow the adoption of headless/automated browser testing.
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- Help dogfood new DevTools Protocol features...and catch bugs!
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- Learn more about the pain points of automated browser testing and help fill those gaps.
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We adapt [Chromium principles](https://www.chromium.org/developers/core-principles) to help us drive product decisions:
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- **Speed**: Puppeteer has almost zero performance overhead over an automated page.
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- **Security**: Puppeteer operates off-process with respect to Chromium, making it safe to automate potentially malicious pages.
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- **Stability**: Puppeteer should not be flaky and should not leak memory.
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- **Simplicity**: Puppeteer provides a high-level API that’s easy to use, understand, and debug.
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#### Q: Is Puppeteer replacing Selenium/WebDriver?
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**No**. Both projects are valuable for very different reasons:
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- Selenium/WebDriver focuses on cross-browser automation; its value proposition is a single standard API that works across all major browsers.
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- Puppeteer focuses on Chromium; its value proposition is richer functionality and higher reliability.
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That said, you **can** use Puppeteer to run tests against Chromium, e.g. using the community-driven [jest-puppeteer](https://github.com/smooth-code/jest-puppeteer). While this probably shouldn’t be your only testing solution, it does have a few good points compared to WebDriver:
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- Puppeteer requires zero setup and comes bundled with the Chromium version it works best with, making it [very easy to start with](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/#getting-started). At the end of the day, it’s better to have a few tests running chromium-only, than no tests at all.
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- Puppeteer has event-driven architecture, which removes a lot of potential flakiness. There’s no need for evil “sleep(1000)” calls in puppeteer scripts.
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- Puppeteer runs headless by default, which makes it fast to run. Puppeteer v1.5.0 also exposes browser contexts, making it possible to efficiently parallelize test execution.
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- Puppeteer shines when it comes to debugging: flip the “headless” bit to false, add “slowMo”, and you’ll see what the browser is doing. You can even open Chrome DevTools to inspect the test environment.
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#### Q: Why doesn’t Puppeteer v.XXX work with Chromium v.YYY?
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We see Puppeteer as an **indivisible entity** with Chromium. Each version of Puppeteer bundles a specific version of Chromium – **the only** version it is guaranteed to work with.
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This is not an artificial constraint: A lot of work on Puppeteer is actually taking place in the Chromium repository. Here’s a typical story:
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- A Puppeteer bug is reported: https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/issues/2709
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- It turned out this is an issue with the DevTools protocol, so we’re fixing it in Chromium: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/1102154
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- Once the upstream fix is landed, we roll updated Chromium into Puppeteer: https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/pull/2769
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However, oftentimes it is desirable to use Puppeteer with the official Google Chrome rather than Chromium. For this to work, you should install a `puppeteer-core` version that corresponds to the Chrome version.
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For example, in order to drive Chrome 71 with puppeteer-core, use `chrome-71` npm tag:
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```bash
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npm install puppeteer-core@chrome-71
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```
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#### Q: Which Chromium version does Puppeteer use?
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Look for the `chromium` entry in [revisions.ts](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/src/revisions.ts). To find the corresponding Chromium commit and version number, search for the revision prefixed by an `r` in [OmahaProxy](https://omahaproxy.appspot.com/)'s "Find Releases" section.
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#### Q: Which Firefox version does Puppeteer use?
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Since Firefox support is experimental, Puppeteer downloads the latest [Firefox Nightly](https://wiki.mozilla.org/Nightly) when the `PUPPETEER_PRODUCT` environment variable is set to `firefox`. That's also why the value of `firefox` in [revisions.ts](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/src/revisions.ts) is `latest` -- Puppeteer isn't tied to a particular Firefox version.
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To fetch Firefox Nightly as part of Puppeteer installation:
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```bash
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PUPPETEER_PRODUCT=firefox npm i puppeteer
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# or "yarn add puppeteer"
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```
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#### Q: What’s considered a “Navigation”?
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From Puppeteer’s standpoint, **“navigation” is anything that changes a page’s URL**.
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Aside from regular navigation where the browser hits the network to fetch a new document from the web server, this includes [anchor navigations](https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/single-page.html#scroll-to-fragid) and [History API](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/History_API) usage.
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With this definition of “navigation,” **Puppeteer works seamlessly with single-page applications.**
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#### Q: What’s the difference between a “trusted" and "untrusted" input event?
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In browsers, input events could be divided into two big groups: trusted vs. untrusted.
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- **Trusted events**: events generated by users interacting with the page, e.g. using a mouse or keyboard.
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- **Untrusted event**: events generated by Web APIs, e.g. `document.createEvent` or `element.click()` methods.
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Websites can distinguish between these two groups:
|
||
- using an [`Event.isTrusted`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Event/isTrusted) event flag
|
||
- sniffing for accompanying events. For example, every trusted `'click'` event is preceded by `'mousedown'` and `'mouseup'` events.
|
||
|
||
For automation purposes it’s important to generate trusted events. **All input events generated with Puppeteer are trusted and fire proper accompanying events.** If, for some reason, one needs an untrusted event, it’s always possible to hop into a page context with `page.evaluate` and generate a fake event:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
await page.evaluate(() => {
|
||
document.querySelector('button[type=submit]').click();
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Q: What features does Puppeteer not support?
|
||
|
||
You may find that Puppeteer does not behave as expected when controlling pages that incorporate audio and video. (For example, [video playback/screenshots is likely to fail](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/issues/291).) There are two reasons for this:
|
||
|
||
* Puppeteer is bundled with Chromium — not Chrome — and so by default, it inherits all of [Chromium's media-related limitations](https://www.chromium.org/audio-video). This means that Puppeteer does not support licensed formats such as AAC or H.264. (However, it is possible to force Puppeteer to use a separately-installed version Chrome instead of Chromium via the [`executablePath` option to `puppeteer.launch`](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/v5.5.0/docs/api.md#puppeteerlaunchoptions). You should only use this configuration if you need an official release of Chrome that supports these media formats.)
|
||
* Since Puppeteer (in all configurations) controls a desktop version of Chromium/Chrome, features that are only supported by the mobile version of Chrome are not supported. This means that Puppeteer [does not support HTTP Live Streaming (HLS)](https://caniuse.com/#feat=http-live-streaming).
|
||
|
||
#### Q: I am having trouble installing / running Puppeteer in my test environment. Where should I look for help?
|
||
We have a [troubleshooting](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/blob/main/docs/troubleshooting.md) guide for various operating systems that lists the required dependencies.
|
||
|
||
#### Q: How do I try/test a prerelease version of Puppeteer?
|
||
|
||
You can check out this repo or install the latest prerelease from npm:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
npm i --save puppeteer@next
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Please note that prerelease may be unstable and contain bugs.
|
||
|
||
#### Q: I have more questions! Where do I ask?
|
||
|
||
There are many ways to get help on Puppeteer:
|
||
- [bugtracker](https://github.com/puppeteer/puppeteer/issues)
|
||
- [Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/puppeteer)
|
||
- [slack channel](https://join.slack.com/t/puppeteer/shared_invite/enQtMzU4MjIyMDA5NTM4LWI0YTE0MjM0NWQzYmE2MTRmNjM1ZTBkN2MxNmJmNTIwNTJjMmFhOWFjMGExMDViYjk2YjU2ZmYzMmE1NmExYzc)
|
||
|
||
Make sure to search these channels before posting your question.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- [END faq] -->
|